“…Cells coated with a protective shell or embedded in an inorganic matrix become stable “living materials” − and can serve as promising biocatalysts, meeting the demands of ecological applications. Moreover, these cells can be employed in the development of bioreactors, , biosensors, ,,, biopreparations for the degradation of toxic compounds, ,, implants, , and biofuel cells. , Microorganisms exhibit the ability to consume and oxidize a wide range of organic substances, enabling the detection and purification of lower alcohols, saccharides, amino acids, and other organic pollutants in water bodies. Their metabolic activity makes microorganisms indispensable components in the development of simple and environmentally friendly methods for monitoring the environment.…”