Development of new gas sensors based on oxidized galinstan

Shafiei, Mahnaz; Motta, Nunzio; Hoshyargar, Faegheh; O'Mullanc, Anthony P.

doi:10.1109/icsens.2015.7370331

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…From previous studies on liquid metal gallium–indium and galinstan, it was found that sonicating liquid metals in solution resulted in the formation of liquid metal micro-/nanodroplets that improved the performance in particular for galinstan in applications such as heavy metal ion sensing, gas sensing, photocatalysis, and heterogeneous catalysis . Therefore, the galvanic replacement of galinstan was also studied under sonication conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galvanic Replacement of the Liquid Metal Galinstan

2016

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The galvanic replacement reaction is a highly versatile approach for the creation of a variety of nanostructured materials. However, the majority of reports are limited to the replacement of metallic nanoparticles or metal surfaces. Here we extend this elegant approach and describe the galvanic replacement of the liquid metal alloy galinstan with Ag and Au. This is achieved at a macrosized droplet to create a liquid metal marble that comprises a liquid metal core and a solid metal shell, whereby the morphology of the outer shell is determined by the concentration of metallic ions used in the solution during the galvanic replacement process. In principle, this allows one to recover precious metal ions from solution in their metallic form, which are immobilized on the liquid metal and therefore easy to recover. The reaction is also undertaken at liquid metal microdroplets created via sonication to produce Ag- and Au-based galinstan nanorice particles. These materials are characterized with SEM, XRD, TEM, SAED, EDX, XPS, UV-visible spectroscopy, and open-circuit potential versus time experiments to understand the galvanic replacement process. Finally, the nanosized materials are investigated for their catalytic activity toward the reduction of methylene blue in the presence of sodium borohydride. This approach illustrates a new avenue of research for the galvanic replacement process and, in principle, could be applied to many more systems.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galvanic Replacement of the Liquid Metal Galinstan

2016

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“…From each channel, the velocimeter sequentially acquired the echo signals reflected by particles in the fluid to determine the distances between the particles and the transducer using the velocity of sound in the GaInSn. GaInSn oxidises readily in air 35 , which produces solid particles within it, thus eliminating the need to artificially suspend particles in the fluid 36 . The velocities of the particles were determined from their distances after successive pulse emissions.…”

Section: B Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a significant range of overlap in the experimental rotation frequencies between m = 3 and 4, once again highlighting the multistability of the rotating waves resulting from differences in initial conditions. The intention of conducting experiments at Ha ∈ [30,35], where rotating waves with m = 3 was expected to be present throughout the interval, was to observe potential hysteresis in the rotation frequencies of the rotating waves depending on whether Ha was increased or decreased within the interval. However, we observed no hysteresis effect, as the rotation frequencies were almost indistinguishable from each other whether Ha was increased or decreased within the interval.…”

Section: Experiments With Varying Hamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental investigation of the return flow instability in magnetic spherical Couette flow

Ogbonna,

Garcia,

Gundrum

et al. 2020

Preprint

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We conduct magnetic spherical Couette (MSC) flow experiments in the return flow instability regime with GaInSn as the working fluid, and the ratio of the inner to the outer sphere radii r i /r o = 0.5, the Reynolds number Re = 1000, and the Hartmann number Ha ∈ [27.5, 40]. Rotating waves with different azimuthal wavenumbers m ∈ {2, 3, 4} manifest in certain ranges of Ha in the experiments, depending on whether the values of Ha were fixed or varied from different initial values. These observations demonstrate the multistability of rotating waves, which we attribute to the dynamical system representing the state of the MSC flow tending to move along the same solution branch of the bifurcation diagram when Ha is varied. In experiments with both fixed and varying Ha, the rotation frequencies of the rotating waves are consistent with the results of nonlinear stability analysis. A brief numerical investigation shows that differences in the azimuthal wavenumbers of the rotating waves that develop in the flow also depend on the azimuthal modes that are initially excited.

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“…The growing demand for wearable devices and artificial body parts, including prosthetics and implantable device, has inspired research and the production of deformable electronics [ 36 , 37 ]. Many exciting and promising circuits [ 14 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ] and electronic components [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ] that can be bent (flexible) or elongated (stretchable) have been developed in recent years, although these applications are mainly at the laboratory stage. Figure 1 and Figure 2 are examples of flexible or stretchable applications based on Ga alloys.…”

Section: Properties Of Ga and Ga-based Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ga-Based Alloys in Microelectronic Interconnects: A Review

et al. 2018

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Gallium (Ga) and some of its alloys have a range of properties that make them an attractive option for microelectronic interconnects, including low melting point, non-toxicity, and the ability to wet without fluxing most materials—including oxides—found in microelectronics. Some of these properties result from their ability to form stable high melting temperature solid solutions and intermetallic compounds with other metals, such as copper, nickel, and aluminium. Ga and Ga-based alloys have already received significant attention in the scientific literature given their potential for use in the liquid state. Their potential for enabling the miniaturisation and deformability of microelectronic devices has also been demonstrated. The low process temperatures, made possible by their low melting points, produce significant energy savings. However, there are still some issues that need to be addressed before their potential can be fully realised. Characterising Ga and Ga-based alloys, and their reactions with materials commonly used in the microelectronic industry, are thus a priority for the electronics industry. This review provides a summary of research related to the applications and characterisation of Ga-based alloys. If the potential of Ga-based alloys for low temperature bonding in microelectronics manufacturing is to be realised, more work needs to be done on their interactions with the wide range of substrate materials now being used in electronic circuitry.

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Development of new gas sensors based on oxidized galinstan

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Galvanic Replacement of the Liquid Metal Galinstan

Galvanic Replacement of the Liquid Metal Galinstan

Experimental investigation of the return flow instability in magnetic spherical Couette flow

Ga-Based Alloys in Microelectronic Interconnects: A Review

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