Development of new proton exchange membrane electrolytes for water electrolysis at higher temperatures

Linkous, Clovis A.; Anderson, Hunter; Kopitzke, Robert W.; Nelson, Gordon L.

doi:10.1016/s0360-3199(97)00113-4

Cited by 135 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It has been reported that strong sulfonation reagents such as chlorosulfonic acid have a tendency to cause side reactions, including crosslinking and polymer chain degradation. [43,44] In the present work, there was no evidence of chain degradation occurring under these conditions, as indicated by viscosity measurements (Table 1) and the mechanical properties of the resulting sulfonated copolymer membranes. The sulfonated products 3 were isolated as white powders, which were fully soluble only in DMSO and showed partial solubility in common polar aprotic solvents (DMF, DMAc and NMP), resulting in opaque solutions.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Diph-ppo-f and Oh-terminated Paes Oligomerssupporting

confidence: 55%

A new class of highly-conducting polymer electrolyte membranes: Aromatic ABA triblock copolymers

Lee

Liu

et al. 2012

Energy Environ. Sci.

138

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electrolyte membrane; proton exchange membrane To achieve highly efficient proton conduction, microphase-separated morphological structure is crucial for proton exchange membranes (PEMs). Herein, we report a novel fully aromatic triblock copolymer, sulfonated poly(2,6-phenyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)-b-poly(arylene ether sulfone)-b-sulfonated poly(2,6-phenyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (SPPO-b-PAES-b-SPPO) with highly sulfonated PPO blocks. This molecular design for a PEM was implemented to promote the nanophase separation between the hydrophobic polymer chain and hydrophilic ionic groups that are responsible for the water uptake and conduction. Morphological investigations and electrochemical measurements reveal that the proton-conducting systems derived from this triblock copolymer architecture exhibit nanoscale-organized phase separated morphology Submitted to 2 with well-connected hydrophilic nanochannels, and thus show a dramatic enhancement in proton conductivity under partially hydrated conditions, relative to other hydrocarbon-based PEMs. The results suggest that nanoscale organization of proton-conducting functionalities is a key consideration in obtaining efficient proton transport in a partly hydrated operating environment.

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Section: Synthesis Of Diph-ppo-f and Oh-terminated Paes Oligomerssupporting

confidence: 55%

A new class of highly-conducting polymer electrolyte membranes: Aromatic ABA triblock copolymers

Lee

Liu

et al. 2012

Energy Environ. Sci.

138

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“…[34][35][36] This paper attempts to review these efforts including approaches and potential membrane systems of the development, and the status of their applications in PEMFCs. The developed membranes are classified into three groups: (1) modified PFSA membranes, (2) alternative sulfonated polymers and their composite membranes, and (3) acid-base polymer membranes.…”

Section: Scope Of This Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches and Recent Development of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Fuel Cells Operating above 100 °C

et al. 2003

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The state-of-the-art of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology is based on perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) polymer membranes operating at a typical temperature of 80°C. Some of the key issues and shortcomings of the PFSA-based PEMFC technology are briefly discussed. These include water management, CO poisoning, hydrogen, reformate and methanol as fuels, cooling, and heat recovery. As a means to solve these shortcomings, hightemperature polymer electrolyte membranes for operation above 100°C are under active development. This treatise is devoted to a review of the area encompassing modified PFSA membranes, alternative sulfonated polymer and their composite membranes, and acidbase complex membranes. PFSA membranes have been modified by swelling with nonvolatile solvents and preparing composites with hydrophilic oxides and solid proton conductors. DMFC and H 2 /O 2 (air) cells based on modified PFSA membranes have been successfully operated at temperatures up to 120°C under ambient pressure and up to 150°C under 3-5 atm. Alternative polymers are selected from silicon-and fluorine-containing inorganic polymers or aromatic hydrocarbon polymers and functionalized by sulfonation. The sulfonated hydrocarbons and their inorganic composites are potentially promising for high-temperature operation. High conductivities have been obtained at temperatures up to 180°C. Acid-base complex membranes constitute another class of electrolyte membranes. A high-temperature PEMFC based on H 3 PO 4 -doped PBI has been demonstrated for operation at temperatures up to 200°C under ambient pressure. The advanced features include high CO tolerance, simple thermal and water management, and possible integration with the fuel processing unit.

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“…Polyetheretherketone was sulfonated using sulfuric acid by following the procedure similar to that described elsewhere [21]. The dried polymer (20 g) was dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid (1 L) under vigorous stirring for 100 h. After that, the mixture was poured into 10 L of iced water where the polymer precipitated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel strategies for preparation and characterization of functional polymer-metal nanocomposites for electrochemical applications

Muraviev

Ruíz

Muñoz

et al. 2008

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Stabilization of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) in polymeric matrices of different types has proven to be one of the most promising strategies to prevent their aggregation and to retain their properties. Polymer-stabilized MNPs (PSMNPs) and those based on polymermetal nanocomposite materials are starting to find wide application in various fields of science and technology. In this paper, we demonstrate that metal-polymer nanocomposite membranes (MPNCMs) containing MNPs can easily be prepared in an ion-exchange such as, for example, sulfonated polyetherether ketone (SPEEK) matrix by using the polymeric membranes as nanoreactors for synthesis and to characterize the composition and structure of the formed MNPs. Metal ions (or metal ion complexes) are first incorporated into the polymeric matrix where they undergo reduction, leading to formation of corresponding MPNCMs. Since this technique allows successive metal loading-reduction cycles to be carried out, it enables synthesis of both monometallic and bimetallic (e.g., core-shell) MNPs. The proposed approach is illustrated by synthesis and characterization of MPNCMs containing both monometallic and bimetallic core-shell MNPs, formed by combinations of Pd, Pt, Co, Ni, and Cu, along with their application in electrochemical sensor and biosensor constructions.

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Development of new proton exchange membrane electrolytes for water electrolysis at higher temperatures

Cited by 135 publications

References 5 publications

A new class of highly-conducting polymer electrolyte membranes: Aromatic ABA triblock copolymers

A new class of highly-conducting polymer electrolyte membranes: Aromatic ABA triblock copolymers

Approaches and Recent Development of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Fuel Cells Operating above 100 °C

Novel strategies for preparation and characterization of functional polymer-metal nanocomposites for electrochemical applications

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