Development of niobium containing acidic catalysts for glycerol esterification

Hierarchically structured ZSM-5 obtained by desilication as new catalyst for DME synthesis from methanol

“…The synthesis method of MCF was given previously by Meynen et al [32]. In the next step, the surface of mesoporous silicas was modified by anchoring of organic molecules to generate the ion-exchange properties according to the modified procedure described earlier by Trejda et al [33]. Both SBA-15 and MCF, were thermally treated at 200 • C for 2 h in order to remove adsorbed water.…”

Esterification processes based on functionalized mesoporous solids

“…This choice was based on the previous work that has shown very high activity of a similar material in acetic acid esterification with glycerol [27]. MP-NbMCF catalyst enhances the reaction rate and the equilibrium of the process is almost obtained after 4 h (Fig.…”

Sulfated Pillared Clay as Catalyst in Glycerol Esterification with Caprylic Acid

“…However, this material exhibits low thermal stability that usually restricts its use in reactions that require high temperature [8,9]. Some reports have demonstrated the use of solid acid catalysts including heteropolyacids supported on silica and zeolites [10] and sulfonated materials [4,[11][12][13][14]. Close attention has been paid to the esterification of long chain carboxylic acids such as oleic, stearic or octanoic acid (OA), producing mainly mono and diglycerides which have many industrial applications [15][16][17].…”