Development of Novel Colorful Electrorheological Fluids

Jekal, Suk; Kim, Jiwon; Lu, Qi; Kim, Dong-Hyun; Noh, Jungchul; Kim, Ha-Yeong; Kim, Minjeong; Kim, Min Sang; Oh, Won‐Chun; Choi, Hyoung Jin; Yoon, Chang‐Min

doi:10.3390/nano12183113

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…By contrast, the ER fluids exhibited Newtonian fluid-like behavior at high shear rates, indicating that rotational shearing stresses weakened the rigid and firm structures of the ER fluids [48]. The SM-based ER fluid exhibited the highest ER performance due to the synergistic effect of the percolation-gelation transition and additional polarization by K + , Na + , and Ca 2+ ions in the material [31]. The GL-based ER fluids exhibited a shear stress between those of SM-and NM-based ER fluids owing to their ion concentration and composition [49].…”

Section: Er Activities Of Nm- Sm- and Gl-based Er Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Furthermore, SM has a smooth edge, high durability, and high chemical and physical stability. Mica minerals such as muscovite, phlogopite, and biotite can be mixed with insulating oils and additives in specific proportions to produce novel colorful ER fluids [31]. GL is a brittle, hard, and amorphous substance which is typically transparent or translucent [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Study on Enhanced Electrorheological Performance of Plate-like Materials via Percolation Gel-like Effect

Jekal,

Sa,

Chu

et al. 2023

Gels

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The use of plate-like materials to induce a percolation gel-like effect in electrorheological (ER) fluids is sparsely documented. Hence, we dispersed plate-like materials, namely natural mica, synthetic mica, and glass, as well as their pulverized particles, in various concentrations in silicone oil to form ER fluids. Subsequently, the rheological properties of the fluids were evaluated and compared to identify the threshold concentration for percolating a gel-like state. The shear stress and viscoelastic moduli under zero-field conditions confirmed that plate-like materials can be used to induce percolation gel-like effects in ER fluids. This is because of the high aspect ratio of the materials, which enhances their physical stability. In practical ER investigations, ER fluids based on synthetic mica (30.0 wt%) showed the highest yield stress of 516.2 Pa under an electric field strength of 3.0 kV mm−1. This was attributed to the formation of large-cluster networks and additional polarization induced by the ions. This study provides a practical approach for developing a new type of gel-like ER fluid.

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Section: Er Activities Of Nm- Sm- and Gl-based Er Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Enhanced Electrorheological Performance of Plate-like Materials via Percolation Gel-like Effect

Jekal,

Sa,

Chu

et al. 2023

Gels

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“…They made a deflection sensor and verified its effectiveness where the sensor design was done on the basis of the stress-sensitive resistive film in bending to the ERF haptic actuator. Jekal et al [52] introduced ERFs which have different colors with specific properties and applications. They made a series of TiO2-coated synthetic mica materials colored white, yellow, red, violet, blue and green using a facile sol-gel method and those are identified by naked eyes.…”

Section: Erf Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensors and Sensing Devices Utilizing Electrorheological Fluids and Magnetorheological Materials – a Review

Park,

Choi

2024

Preprint

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This paper comprehensively reviews sensors and sensing devices developed or/and proposed so far utilizing two smart materials: electrorheological fluids (ERFs) and magnetorheological materials (MRMs) whose rheological characteristics such as stiffness and damping can be controlled by external stimuli, an electrical voltage for ERFs and a magnetic field for MRMs, respectively. In this review article, the MRMs are classified into magnetorheological fluid (MRF), magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) and magnetorheological plastomer (MRP). To easily understand the history of sensing research using the two smart materials, the order of this review article is organized in a chronological manner of ERF sensors, MRF sensors, MRE sensors and MRP sensors. Among many sensors fabricated from each smart material, one or two sensors or sensing devices are adopted to discuss on the sensing configuration, working principle and specifications such as accuracy and sensitivity. Some sensors adopted in this article include force sensor, tactile device, strain sensor, wearable bending sensor, magnetometer, display device and flux measurement sensor. After briefly describing what have been reviewed in a conclusion, several challenging future works, which should be done for practical applications as sensors or sensing devices, are remarked in terms of new technologies such as artificial intelligence neural network in which several parameters affecting the sensor signals can be precisely tuned or controlled. It is sure that this review article is very helpful to make creative sensors using not only the proposed smart materials but also several different types of smart materials including shape memory alloys and active polymers.

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“…2.50. 20,21 Therefore, white TiO 2 -based surfaces were primarily used to increase the LiDAR recognition rate of previously studied LiDAR-reflective black bilayer materials. 9 However, the color of TiO 2 can be adjusted to various dark tones other than white, commonly referred to as "black TiO 2 ," by controlling the oxygen vacancies within the crystal structure via multiple reduction methods.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Fresnel’s principle, certain metal oxides, including WO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , Cr 2 O 3 , and TiO 2 , can induce high light reflection; TiO 2 has a high refractive index of ca. 2.50. , Therefore, white TiO 2 -based surfaces were primarily used to increase the LiDAR recognition rate of previously studied LiDAR-reflective black bilayer materials . However, the color of TiO 2 can be adjusted to various dark tones other than white, commonly referred to as “black TiO 2 ,” by controlling the oxygen vacancies within the crystal structure via multiple reduction methods .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing Novel LiDAR-Detectable Plate-Type Materials: Synthesis, Chemistry, and Practical Application for Autonomous Working Environment

Jekal,

Otgonbayar,

Noh

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Plate-type hollow black TiO 2 (HL/BT) with a high NIR reflectance was fabricated for the first time as a LiDARdetectable black material. A TiO 2 layer was formed on commercialgrade glass by using the sol−gel method to obtain a plate-type structure. The glass template was then etched with hydrofluoric acid to form a hollow structure, and blackness was further achieved through NaBH 4 reduction, which altered the oxidation state of TiO 2 to black Ti x O 2x−1 or Ti 4+ to Ti 3+ and Ti 2+ . The blackness of the HL/BT material was maintained by a novel approach that involved etching prior to reduction. The thickness of the TiO 2 layer was controlled to maximize the NIR reflectance when applied as paint. The HL/BT material with a thickness of 140 nm (HL/ BT140) showed a blackness (L*) of 13.3 and high NIR reflectance of 23.6% at a wavelength of 905 nm. This is attributed to the effective light reflection at the interface created by the TiO 2 layer and the hollow structure. Plate-type HL/BT140 provides excellent spreadability, durability, and thermal stability in practical paint applications compared with sphere-type materials due to the higher contacting area to the applied surface, making it suitable for use as a LiDAR-detectable inorganic black pigment in autonomous environments.

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Development of Novel Colorful Electrorheological Fluids

Cited by 9 publications

References 59 publications

A Study on Enhanced Electrorheological Performance of Plate-like Materials via Percolation Gel-like Effect

A Study on Enhanced Electrorheological Performance of Plate-like Materials via Percolation Gel-like Effect

Sensors and Sensing Devices Utilizing Electrorheological Fluids and Magnetorheological Materials – a Review

Designing Novel LiDAR-Detectable Plate-Type Materials: Synthesis, Chemistry, and Practical Application for Autonomous Working Environment

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