Development of Organochlorine Pesticide Electrochemical Sensor Based on Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticles@indium Tin Oxide Electrode

Abstract

Monitoring food quality and safety need the development of highly sensitive and accurate techniques. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are a widely used category of pesticides. The high toxicity and high stability of OCPs pesticides made their detection the target of several research studies. Chloridazon, one of the wide used OCPs pesticides, and its major degradation product (chloridazon‐desphenyl) have shown high harmful effects. Here, a specific OCPs electrochemical sensor was developed. Fe3O4 nanostructures decorated indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode showed high specificity towards the OCPs because of the capability of chlorine atoms, to interact with the iron oxide NPs. The chemical composition and the morphology of the modified nanosensor were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), energy dispersive x‐ray (EDX), and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The results showed the formation of two morphologies, including spongy agglomerated NPs with100 nm in diameter and nanofibers with 20 nm in thickness. The modified electrode exhibited a high sensitivity with a detection limit of 0.9 μmol L−1. Also, chloridazon was detected in the presence of various interferences, including isoproturon pesticide and urea. Furthermore, chloridazon pesticide was also detected in a surface water sample.

Sustainable Water Monitoring via Analytical Techniques and Protocols Applied in the Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticides

“…In addition to the so-called traditional methods for OCP quantification, there are other methods that involve the use of different sensors. For instance, an electrochemical sensor based on Fe 3 O 4 nanostructures decorated with indium tin oxide has proven specificity for OCPs based on the ability of chlorine atoms from OCPs to interact with Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles [88]. Another sensor, based on gold nanoparticles, was reported [89] due to its ability to detect endosulfan and catalyze the decomposition of endosulfan into non-toxic products.…”

Development of an ic-ELISA and immunochromatographic assay strip for the rapid detection of chloridazon in oranges and celery

“…22 However, they are expensive and require trained personnel, which limit their applications. In recent years, researchers have reported some emerging techniques for detecting CLZ, such as electrochemical sensors, 23,24 which are simple to use and selective. However, these techniques have a short lifespan and involve complex material synthesis processes, thereby limiting their use to the laboratory.…”