Development of PAMAM dendrimer-modified magnetic polyoxometalate: A novel platform to reinforce mechanical and thermal properties of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A/isophorone diamine hardener epoxy

Abstract

The present study explores the mechanical and thermal properties of DGEBA/IPD epoxy reinforced with dendrimer-functionalized magnetitepolyoxometalate nanoparticles. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNP’s) were stabilized and functionalized by the poly (amido-amine) dendrimer via encapsulation within dendrimer; afterwards, H9 [α-P2V3W15O62] polyoxometalate (POM) was modified with dendrimer-functionalized magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (DMNP’s). The polyoxometalate can be complexed with DMNP’s via protonation of dendrimer amino groups. In the next step, dendrimer-functionalized magnetitepolyoxometalate nanoparticles (DMNP’s-POM) were loaded into diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin. The DMNP’s-POM nanoparticles can initiate polymerizations of epoxy resin with isophorone diamine hardener (IPD); on the other hand, the terminal amino groups of the dendrimer in the DMNP’s-POM nanoparticles allow them to be covalently linked to the polymer matrix alongside the main amine hardener. The resulting epoxy/magnetitepolyoxometalate nanocomposites (DMNP’s-POM@EN 5%) are thoroughly characterized by FT-IR, FE-SEM, and XRD analysis. Probing thermal behaviors of epoxy/magnetitepolyoxometalate nanocomposites by TGA reveals that the resulting composites are degraded thermally through a simple one-step process with an initial degradation close to 340°C, and show significant stability toward heat. Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis indicates that no considerable agglomerate is formed during the synthesis process, and the incorporated nanoparticles somewhat limit the segmental motions of the epoxy macromolecular chains.

An efficient and sustainable Pd‐nanomagnetic heterogeneous catalyst for the reduction of nitroarene and environmental pollutant

“…[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles have shown great potential as a supporting material for metal catalysts. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] The favorable surface area to volume ratio in these materials results in a high concentration of active sites that greatly enhances catalytical efficiency. 5,10,[29][30][31][32][33] The catalytical hydrogenation of nitroarene to an aromatic amino group is an essential chemical process for industrial prospects.…”

“…There are numerous supports that may be utilized as substrates, including dendrimers, polymers, zeolite, MCM‐41, SBA‐15, graphene oxide, chitosan, carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles, and others 9–18 . Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles have shown great potential as a supporting material for metal catalysts 19–28 . The favorable surface area to volume ratio in these materials results in a high concentration of active sites that greatly enhances catalytical efficiency 5,10,29–33 …”

Effect of the Synthetic Approach on the Formation and Magnetic Properties of Iron-Based Nanophase in Branched Polyester Polyol Matrix

“…At the same time, most of the works are devoted to the use of dendrimers, namely polyamidomine (PAMAM) or propyleneimine for the synthesis of the magnetic NPs of iron compounds [ 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 ]. Among a small number of examples of the use of hyperbranched polymers to stabilize Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles are branched polyamines HAPAM [ 70 ], HBPAMAM [ 71 ], PAMAM-b-PEG-FA [ 72 ], and PEI [ 73 ].…”