Development of Peyer's Patch and Cecal Tonsil in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues in the Chicken Embryo

Kajiwara, Eiji; Shigeta, Akiko; Horiuchi, Hiroyuki; Matsuda, Haruo; Furusawa, Shuichi

doi:10.1292/jvms.65.607

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The functional development of the intestines as a digestive organ seems to be closely related to its development as a major lymphoid organ (Thompson et al, 1996). Previous studies showed that early feed intake has a positive effect on the development and maturation of the gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), which includes the cecal tonsils, bursa of Fabricius, Peyer's pathes and other lymphoid nodules, and provides both local and systemic protection in young chicks (Dibner et al, 1998;Friedman et al, 2003;Kajiwara et al, 2003). Delayed access to feed has shown to decrease bursa weight (Dibner et al, 1998) and to delay the development of T and B lymphocytes in the hindgut in the first 2 weeks of life (Bar-Shira et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early life experiences affect the adaptive capacity of rearing hens during infectious challenges

Walstra

Napel

Kemp

et al. 2010

Animal

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This study aimed to investigate whether pre-and early postnatal experiences of rearing hens contribute to the ability to cope with infectious challenges at an older age. In a 2 3 2 factorial arrangement, 352 Lohmann Brown chicks were exposed to either suboptimal or optimized incubation plus hatch conditions, and to cage or enriched rearing from week 0 to 7 of age. After week 7 all rearing conditions were similar until the end of the experiment. The development of adaptive capacity to infectious challenges was investigated by introducing an Eimeria and Infectious Bronchitis (IB) infection on day 53 and day 92, respectively. BW gain and feed intake during the infections, duodenal lesions and amount of positive stained CD41 T cells, CD8 1 T cells and macrophages at day 4 and day 7 after Eimeria infection, as well as the IB antibody titer throughout the experimental period were determined. The results showed a significant interaction between incubation plus hatch and rearing environment. Optimized incubation plus hatch conditions followed by an enriched rearing environment resulted in the least weight loss (P , 0.05) and the highest feed intake (P , 0.01) from day 3 to day 7 after the Eimeria infection (day 56 to 60 of age), compared with all other treatments. In addition, the optimized 3 enriched chicks had the highest BW gain from day 7 to day 14 after IB infection (day 99 to 106 of age), compared with chicks housed in a cage environment (P , 0.01). Besides the interaction, optimized incubation plus hatch alone resulted in reduced macrophage numbers in the duodenal tissue at day 4 after Eimeria infection, compared with suboptimal incubation plus hatch, whereas the enriched rearing environment stimulated the recovery of intestinal damage caused by Eimeria (P , 0.05) and reduced the production of specific antibodies after IB infection (P , 0.05), compared with the cage environment. In conclusion, this study shows that early life experiences can indeed affect the capacity of rearing hens to cope with an Eimeria and IB infection at an older age, in which performance of chicks is best maintained after optimized incubation plus hatch followed by enriched rearing. This suggests that the development of adaptive capacity to infectious challenges can be influenced with management during a short period in pre-or early postnatal life, but that effects last for a considerable time after cessation of the specific management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early life experiences affect the adaptive capacity of rearing hens during infectious challenges

Walstra

Napel

Kemp

et al. 2010

Animal

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“…The development of the bursa and other GALT such as cecal tonsils and Peyer's patches starts during late embryogenesis (Kajiwara et al, 2003). At the time of hatching, the bursal duct opens and simultaneously, transport of environmental antigens into the bursal lumen and further into the lymphoid follicles begins.…”

Section: Early Feeding and Development Of The Gut Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Intestinal Health in Poultry

2008

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The gastrointestinal (GI) tract has the most extensive exposed surface in the body and is constantly exposed to a wide variety of potentially harmful substances. The GI tract acts as a selective barrier between the tissues of the bird and its luminal environment. This barrier is composed of physical, chemical, immunological, and microbiological components. A wide range of factors associated with diet and infectious disease agents can negatively affect the delicate balance among the components of the chicken gut and, as a result, affect health status and production performance of birds in commercial poultry operations. Phasing out of antibiotic growth promoters from poultry diets in Europe and recent moves toward reduction or removal of these compounds in other parts of the world including North America will likely change the microbial profile of the GI tract environment in commercial poultry. This paper reviews the GI tract from developmental, immunological, and microbial standpoints and then discusses factors that can affect health status of this system. Necrotic enteritis and coccidiosis and their interactions, and possible consequences of antibiotic growth promoter removal from poultry diets with respect to these diseases, are discussed in more detail.

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“…The development of PP and CT starts during late embryogenesis (ED13), at the same time as the follicle of the bursa. The appearance of surface IgM-positive cells in PP and CT is independent of the development of the follicle of the bursa [113]. Mature lymphocytes capable of secreting immunoglobulins are not detected in the chick until 6 days after hatching [39].…”

Section: Embryonic Structures and Their Role In Egg Defensementioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Structural Barriers and Innate Immune Components during Incubation of the Avian Egg: Critical Interplay between Autonomous Embryonic Development and Maternal Anticipation

et al. 2018

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The integrated innate immune features of the calcareous egg and its contents are a critical underpinning of the remarkable evolutionary success of the Aves clade. Beginning at the time of laying, the initial protective structures of the egg, i.e., the biomineralized eggshell, egg-white antimicrobial peptides, and vitelline membrane, are rapidly and dramatically altered during embryonic development. The embryo-generated extra-embryonic tissues (chorioallantoic/amniotic membranes, yolk sac, and associated chambers) are all critical to counteract degradation of primary egg defenses during development. With a focus on the chick embryo (Gallus gallus domesticus), this review describes the progressive transformation of egg innate immunity by embryo-generated structures and mechanisms over the 21-day course of egg incubation, and also discusses the critical interplay between autonomous development and maternal anticipation.

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Development of Peyer's Patch and Cecal Tonsil in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues in the Chicken Embryo

Cited by 28 publications

References 28 publications

Early life experiences affect the adaptive capacity of rearing hens during infectious challenges

Early life experiences affect the adaptive capacity of rearing hens during infectious challenges

Factors Affecting Intestinal Health in Poultry

Dynamics of Structural Barriers and Innate Immune Components during Incubation of the Avian Egg: Critical Interplay between Autonomous Embryonic Development and Maternal Anticipation

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