Development of podophyllotoxin‑loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for the treatment of condyloma acuminatum

Abstract

Condyloma acuminatum (CA) is a common sexually transmitted disease caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Podophyllotoxin (POD), a cytotoxic compound, is able to effectively treat HPV; however, the severe irritation side effects of POD restrict its use as a treatment for CA. The aim of the present study was to construct novel POD-loaded nanostructured nanolipid carriers (POD-NLCs) and evaluate their physicochemical characteristics and cytotoxicity. POD-NLCs (0.5%) were prepared using emulsion-evaporation and low temperature-solidification methods with optimized conditions and preparations. Subsequently, the POD-NLCs were physicochemically characterized and their in vitro and in vivo release efficiencies and in vitro cytotoxicity were studied. The prepared POD-NLCs had an average particle size, ζ potential, polydispersity index and encapsulation efficacy of 178.5±20 nm, −27±0.5 mV, 0.18±0.01 and 82.9±2%, respectively. In vitro and in vivo release studies demonstrated that POD-NLCs are able to provide sustained drug delivery for 72 h in vitro and 10 h in the mucosa. Compared with a tincture formulation of POD (POD-T), POD-NLC induced less inflammatory cytokine production in the cervical mucous and led to a decreased histopathological score. In addition, a cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that inhibition of the POD-NLCs was 98.4% at 24 h and remained >98% up to 72 h. Furthermore, more cells were arrested in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle following POD-NLC treatment compared with the POD-T treatment. The present study provides evidence that POD-NLC is a promising delivery system for the treatment of CA.

Nanotechnology-based approaches for emerging and re-emerging viruses: Special emphasis on COVID-19

“…Despite a few limitations, lipid-based nanoparticles have antiviral activity against HIV [ 106 , 119 ], Human papillomavirus [ 120 ], other viruses like HCV and NiV. Commonly used lipid-based nanoparticles contain liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN).…”

Nano-based approach to combat emerging viral (NIPAH virus) infection

“…Kerry et al / Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine 18 (2019) 196-220 106 Similarly, Gao et al designed a nanostructured nanolipid carrier loaded with podophyllotoxin (POD) evaluated drug release parameters hemocompatibility and non-toxic viral inhibition in VK2/E6E7 cell lines challenged with Human papillomavirus (HPV). 107 Lipid based NPs in both of its form that is solid-lipid NPs and nanostructured lipid nanocarriers could serve as an exceptional addition to the group of vehicles needed for effective antiviral delivery. The current investigation of lipid-based NPs based antiviral against some viruses such as Hepatitis C virus, HIV and HPV has been documented ( Table 2).…”

Successful treatment of refractory genital warts using 0.5% podophyllotoxin‐loaded nanostructured lipid carriers

“…ALA-PDT combined with microwave ablation was carried out after he signed the consent form. Faced with such refractory genital warts, the patient agreed to try 0.5% POD-NLC, a kind of solution, created by our team (Gao et al, 2018). After signing the consent form, it was applied on the lesion ALA-PDT has been widely used for its advantage of low recurrence rate (Zhu et al, 2012).…”

“…Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), a novel type of delivery system, exhibit high skin targeting efficiency and good safety (Zhao et al, 2016). Compared with traditional POD tincture, POD-NLC was able to adhere to the skin surface and transport POD in a mild and controlled manner, minimizing irritation and toxicity (Zhao et al, 2016;Gao et al, 2018). To date, there is no evidence showing any therapy is superior to another, nor is any strategy suitable for all patients with genital warts.…”