Development of Porous Clay-Based Composites for the Sorption of Lead From Water

Abstract

Lead contamination of water is a major health hazard, as illustrated by the fact that exposure to this metal has been associated with death and disease in humans, birds, and animals. The present research was aimed at the development of a porous, solid-phase sorbent that can be used in the remediation of lead-contaminated water. A suitable sorbent was identified by screening various clays and other materials for their ability to effectively bind lead. The clay was adhered to a solid support using an aqueous solution of carboxymethyl cellulose. The binary composite was then tested for its ability to bind lead from solution, while providing void volume, increased surface area, and considerably enhanced hydraulic conductivity. The results suggested that a combination of sodium montmorillonite clay and carbon exhibited enhanced sorption of lead compared to carbon alone, and also supported the potential application of various combinations of sorbent materials. This value-added combination of clay, solid support, and adhesive will allow for the construction of column filtration systems that are multifunctional and capable of purifying large volumes of contaminated water.

Applications on agricultural and forest waste adsorbents for the removal of lead (II) from contaminated waters

“…In water, lead is released from lead treatment and recovery industries, such as metal plating, tanneries, oil refining and mining by effluents. Lead poisoning can cause hypertension, nephritis, abdominal pain, constipation, cramps, nausea, vomiting, behavioral changes, learning disabilities, reading problems, development defects and language difficulties (Kapoor et al 1999;Lo et al 1999;Ake et al 2001;Tunali et al 2006;Farrag et al 2009;Gupta et al 2009a, b). Lead (II) ion (Pb 2? )…”

“…ions. Adsorbent materials derived from low-cost agricultural wastes can be used for the effective removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from wastewater (Holan and Volesky 1994;Volesky and Holan 1995;Ake et al 2001;Ahalya et al 2003;Ö zcan et al 2004;Tunali et al 2006). The basic components of the agricultural waste biomass include hemicelluloses, lignin, extractives, lipids, proteins, simple sugars, water hydrocarbons and starchcontaining variety of functional groups (Bailey et al 1999).…”

Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Palm Tree Leaves Impregnated with Zinc Chloride for the Removal of Lead (II) from Aqueous Solutions

“…Lead, Pb (II) is among those contaminants that must be removed from water, due to its high toxicity and tendency to accumulate in tissues of living organisms [7]. Lead can occur in different forms such as organic and inorganic forms.…”

Aqueous heavy metals removal by adsorption on β-diketone-functionalized styrene–divinylbenzene copolymeric resin

“…These metals are mostly toxic even at very low concentration. Heavy metal toxicity can cause hypertension, nephritis, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, behavioral changes and development defects (Ake et al 2001;Tunali et al 2006). These pollutants are present in water from industrial applications such as in the manufacture of pesticides, batteries, alloys, electroplated metal parts, mining, refining and production of textiles, paints and dyes (Patterson 1985;Roberts 1999;Abdel-Ghani et al 2009 are especially common metals that tend to accumulate in organisms, causing numerous diseases and disorders (Inglezakis et al 2003;Rivera-Utrilla and Sanchez-Polo 2003).…”