Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Palm Tree Leaves Impregnated with Zinc Chloride for the Removal of Lead (II) from Aqueous Solutions

Abstract

Abstract:Removal of Lead (II) from aqueous solution onto Activated carbon derived from Palm tree leaves (Phoenix dactylifera) as a novel precursor by chemical activation with ZnCl 2 , at specific condition of carbonization temperature at 500°C and 1 hour as a holding time and detonated as AC(PTL)ZnCl 2 . The obtained material was submitted to measurements of active surface area, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Batchadsorption studied had been carried out to examine the adsorption capacity of the AC(PTL)ZnCl 2 for the removal of Lead (II) from aqueous solution. The effect of various process parameters like pH, initial metal concentration, adsorbent dose, contact time, and temperature on the efficiency of Pb (II) removal was investigated. Maximum adsorption of Pb (II) on AC(PTL)ZnCl 2 (86.4%) was observed at pH 5.81. The optimum conditions for adsorbent dose and temperature were determined as 0.030 g and 25°C, respectively. Initial Pb (II) concentrations has important effect on AC(PTL)ZnCl 2 in the studied range (25-125 mg/L) where the removal percentage increases as the metal ion decrease. The highest percentage removal of concentration corresponding to the maximum adsorption was found to be 82.75 ± 3.65. The adsorption equilibrium data was well explained by Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm. The parameters suggested that the adsorption of Pb (II) on prepared AC(PTL)ZnCl 2 is physical adsorption. The Langmuir isotherm which fitted best for the experimental data obtained showed (Correlation Coefficient, R 2 = 0.9463) higher than the (Freundlich isotherm, R 2 = 0.7554), but more close to (Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm, R 2 = 0.9260). The porous characteristics and adsorption efficiencies of prepared AC(PTL)ZnCl 2 were also investigated.

Removal of Trihalomethane from City Water by Activated Carbon Prepared from Palm fronds

“…This isotherm provides an expression that considers the exponential distribution of active sites' energy and surface heterogeneity. The Freundlich model's nonlinear form is given as [45][46]:…”

An investigation on the characterization of activated carbon from areca leaves and their adsorption nature towards different dyes

“…From the result it is found that Freundlich isotherm fits better to the data obtained for crystal violet, whereas Langmuir isotherm holds well for the adsorption of congo red. The value of n in the range 1-2 represents agreeable adsorption characteristics (Elhussien et al, 2017). K represents the affinity of the solute with the adsorbent and the higher K value suggested that the prepared carbon has the highest affinity towards crystal violet compared to congo red (Brito et al, 2012).…”

“…have been studied as raw materials and found to be preferable raw materials for the preparation of activated carbon. Researchers have also studied the preparation of activated carbon from different types of leaves and analyzed the adsorption capacity for the removal of dyes and heavy metal ions from aqueous phase (Shidvash et al, 2014;Elhussien et al, 2017).…”