Development of porous geopolymers foamed by aluminum and zinc powders

Kioupis, Dimitris; Zisimopoulou, A. E.; Tsivilis, S.; Kakali, G.

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.06.037

Cited by 40 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Cross-sectional images of porous materials are often used for pore structural analysis, such as pore distribution frequency [ 24 ], porosity [ 50 ], and the shape of pores [ 4 ]. The cross-sectional binarized images of the matrix and geopolymer foams involved in this study are presented in Figure 12 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The direct foaming method is one of the most common methods used in the preparation of geopolymer foams. Several foaming agents, Al powder [ 22 , 23 , 24 ], Si powder [ 25 ], and H 2 O 2 [ 26 , 27 ] are most commonly selected to introduce gases to the geopolymer matrix. Among them, H 2 O 2 is the most desirable for its economical, efficient, and impurity-free nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization and Performance Evaluation of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Foams Obtained by Adding Palm Olein as the Foam Stabilizer

Wang

et al. 2022

Materials

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Geopolymer foams with different pore structures can be used in construction, water treatment, and heavy metal adsorption. The preparation of high porosity geopolymer foams using vegetable oil as a foam stabilizer is a feasible and cost-effective route. In this study, metakaolin-based geopolymer foams with hierarchical pore structures were fabricated by adding H2O2 as the foaming agent with palm olein as the foam stabilizer. The effects of H2O2 and palm olein content on the chemical features and pore structure of geopolymer foams were evaluated. Water absorption, thermal conductivity, and mechanical behaviors of geopolymer foams were also investigated. The results indicate that fatty acid salt surfactants were generated in situ in the geopolymer matrix due to the addition of palm olein. Geopolymer foams with H2O2 and palm olein addition possess a homogeneously concentrated macropore distribution. Palm olein exhibits a refining effect on intrinsic pores formed by geopolymerization. In addition, using appropriate amounts of palm olein and H2O2, geopolymer foams can achieve higher open porosity and better pore connectivity, resulting in the improvement of water absorption and thermal insulation capacity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Performance Evaluation of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Foams Obtained by Adding Palm Olein as the Foam Stabilizer

Wang

et al. 2022

Materials

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“…However, this band is also presented in the FTIR spectrum of GP that does not contain PVA. When examining aluminosilicate raw materials for geopolymerization, this band is usually assigned to the asymmetric stretching vibrations of Si-O-Si bonds that are enriched by Al during geopolymerization and are displaced to lower wavenumbers [ 42 , 43 ]. This band overlapped with a broad characteristic band centered at 1045 cm −1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Usage of Hybrid Polymers Binders Based on Fly Ash with the Addition of PVA with Satisfying Mechanical and Radiological Properties

Mirković

Kljajević

Dolenec

et al. 2021

Gels

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Since recycled technologies usage is mandatory for environmental safety, and in this regard, it is important to examine new materials that can be used in construction and are primarily produced from fly ash. In addition to characteristics such as hardness and compressive strength, the given materials must also be radiologically and environmentally safe. The main concept of engineered geopolymer gel composites based on fly ash residues is focused on developing binder materials via gel formation processes that can replace ordinary cement materials. This study is unique in researching the potential use of fly ash from the Nikola Tesla thermal power plant in Serbia, where the hybrid geopolymeric materials synthesized from fly ash are experimentally examined with the addition 1 wt% and 2 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). This paper aims to investigate the structural, morphological, mechanical, and radiological properties of hybrid materials with the addition of PVA and without additive in the period of ageing for 28 days at room temperature. The phase composition was investigated using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analysis, while morphological characteristics of these materials were examined using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDS). Vibrational spectra of obtained samples are investigated using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. The hardness and compressive strength are also examined, indicating that the 1 wt% addition in geopolymeric matrix results in the best mechanical properties. Radiological measurements of investigated all geopolymer samples show decreasing activity concentrations of radionuclides for 50% compared to fly ash.

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“…Aerated concrete is developed and manufactured to improve the characteristics of cement/concrete, such as weight reduction, water permeability, and thermal insulation. The materials used for foaming are a foaming agent [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], metallic powder (Al, Zn) [ 15 , 16 , 17 ], or hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Aluminum powder (Al powder) is the most commonly used material for foaming, as mentioned in several previous studies [ 16 , 17 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The materials used for foaming are a foaming agent [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], metallic powder (Al, Zn) [ 15 , 16 , 17 ], or hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Aluminum powder (Al powder) is the most commonly used material for foaming, as mentioned in several previous studies [ 16 , 17 , 22 ]. Al powder shows low usage and a high foaming effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Characteristics of Aerated Alkali-Activated Slag Cement Mixed with Zinc Powder

2021

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Experiments on the development and properties of aerated concrete based on alkali-activated slag cement (AASC) and using Zn powder (ZP) as a gas agent were carried out. The experiments were designed for water-binding material (w/b) ratios of 0.35 and 0.45, curing temperatures of 23 ± 2 °C and 40 ± 2 °C, and ZP of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.0%. ZP generates hydrogen (H2) gas in AASC to form pores. At a w/b of 0.35, the curing temperature had little effect on the pore size by ZP. However, a w/b of 0.45 showed a clear correlation that the pore diameter increased as the curing temperature increased. The low w/b of 0.35 showed a small change in the pore size according to the curing temperature due to the faster setting time than 0.45 and the increased viscosity of the paste. Therefore, at a termination time exceeding at least 60 min and a w/b of 0.45 or more, it was possible to increase the size and expansion force of the pores formed by the ZP through the change of the curing temperature. ZP showed applicability to the manufacture of AASC-based aerated concrete, and the characteristics of foaming according to the curing temperature, w/b ratio, and ZP concentration were confirmed.

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Development of porous geopolymers foamed by aluminum and zinc powders

Cited by 40 publications

References 50 publications

Characterization and Performance Evaluation of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Foams Obtained by Adding Palm Olein as the Foam Stabilizer

Characterization and Performance Evaluation of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Foams Obtained by Adding Palm Olein as the Foam Stabilizer

Potential Usage of Hybrid Polymers Binders Based on Fly Ash with the Addition of PVA with Satisfying Mechanical and Radiological Properties

Development and Characteristics of Aerated Alkali-Activated Slag Cement Mixed with Zinc Powder

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