Development of Pupillography Using Image Processing

Lee, In Bum; Choi, Byungjoo; Park, Kwang Suk; Kim, Sang Sik; Hwang, Jeong Min

doi:10.3341/kjo.2005.19.2.149

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

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“…Furthermore, in practice this examination method is frequently not performed in accordance with accepted procedure, which also leads to misinterpretations. 3 With regard to the ongoing problem associated with the assessment of vehicle drivers, in particular due to the fact that in the majority, indeed if not in all cases, only subjective test methods are used to evaluate an individual's impairment of the central nervous system (CNS), objective measurement methods are required which allow reproducible, reliable and subsequently verifiable data to be collected, providing indicators for possible impairments. Such a method would only be suitable if any limitation could be demonstrated in a clear and comprehensible manner and if the method itself was both objective and easy to use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pupil function as an indicator for being under the influence of central nervous system-acting substances from a traffic-medicine perspective

Monticelli

Priemer²,

Hitzl

et al. 2010

Med Sci Law

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To evaluate an individual's ability to drive safely, objective measurement methods are required. The primary aim of this study was to assess the applicability and value of infrared pupillography as an objective measurement method to indicate possible influence of central nervous system-acting substances. We exposed healthy test subjects (n = 41), as well as persons who were under the influence of drugs and/or medication (n = 105), to different light stimuli and tested the pupillary light reflex using infrared technology. The synoptic examination of numerous parameters, and the possibility of examination under various conditions, made it possible to achieve highly significant differentiation between persons who were under the influence of drugs and/or medication and control persons. Infrared pupillography represents an objective method of measuring pupil function, providing a reliable indicator of previous consumption of drugs and/or medication. In order to increase legal certainty it would thus appear desirable to make infrared pupillography a routine part of police checks in the near future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pupil function as an indicator for being under the influence of central nervous system-acting substances from a traffic-medicine perspective

Monticelli

Priemer²,

Hitzl

et al. 2010

Med Sci Law

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Gender difference in the miotic potency of soman vapor in rats

Dabisch

Horsmon

Taylor

et al. 2008

Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology

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The present study was undertaken to investigate the miotic potency of soman vapor in the rat, as well as gender differences in the miotic response to soman vapor that have been reported previously for other nerve agents. The results of the present study demonstrate that the miotic potency of soman vapor is significantly less than that of other nerve agents, and that female rats are 2.5-3.0 times more sensitive to soman vapor than male rats. The results also demonstrate that ocular acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities differ between males and females, although this difference is not likely large enough to account for the observed gender difference.

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Muscarinic Receptor Dysfunction Induced by Exposure to Low Levels of Soman Vapor

Dabisch

Horsmon

Muse

et al. 2007

Toxicological Sciences

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In the eye, it has been previously reported that exposure to a cholinesterase inhibitor results in a reduced miotic response following prolonged exposure and a decreased miotic response to the cholinergic agonists. However, no studies exist that characterize the effect of a single low-level vapor exposure to a nerve agent on parasympathetic function in the eye or determine the threshold dose for such an effect. The present study investigated the hypotheses that a single low-level exposure to soman vapor would result in dysfunction of the parasympathetic pathway mediating the pupillary light reflex resulting from a loss of muscarinic receptor function on the pupillary sphincter muscle. Adult male rats were exposed to soman vapor in a whole-body dynamic airflow exposure chamber. Rats exposed to low levels of soman vapor dose-dependently developed miosis (threshold dose between 4.1 and 6.1 mg-min/m3). Pupil size returned to preexposure levels within 48 h due to desensitization of pupillary muscarinic receptors, as assessed by the pupillary response to the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine. An attenuated pupillary light reflex was also present in miotic animals (threshold dose near 6.1 mg-min/m3). While pupil size recovers within 48 h, other measures of pupillary function, including the light reflex, acetylcholinesterase activity, and muscarinic receptor responsiveness, did not return to normal for up to 10 days postexposure. Recovery of the light reflex coincided with the recovery of pupillary muscarinic receptor function, suggesting that the attenuation of the light reflex was due to receptor desensitization.

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Development of Pupillography Using Image Processing

Abstract: A pupillography to measure, save and analyze the pupillary response using image processing was developed. Further detailed clinical studies with a large number of patients will be required to validate this new method.

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Pupil function as an indicator for being under the influence of central nervous system-acting substances from a traffic-medicine perspective

Pupil function as an indicator for being under the influence of central nervous system-acting substances from a traffic-medicine perspective

Gender difference in the miotic potency of soman vapor in rats

Muscarinic Receptor Dysfunction Induced by Exposure to Low Levels of Soman Vapor

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