Development of real‐time <scp>PCR</scp> assays for the detection of Moraxella macacae associated with bloody nose syndrome in rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) macaques

Whitehouse, Chris A.; Chase, Kitty; Embers, Monica E.; Kulesh, David A.; Ladner, Jason T.; Palacios, Gustavo; Minogue, Timothy D.

doi:10.1111/jmp.12196

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The multiple sequence alignments using the 80 amino acid C-terminal segment of M.HinfI (Figure 7 ) reveals conservation among a variety of DNA methyltransferases in the N4/N6-methyltransferase family including the highlighted human pathogens Mycoplasma girerdii ( 31 ), Bartonella bacilliformis ( 32 ), Bartonella tamaie ( 33 ), Capnocytophaga canimorsus ( 34 ), Helicobacter pylori ( 35 ), Brucella abortus ( 36 ) and Haemophilus influenzae ( 37 ), animal pathogens Mycoplasma nasistruthionis ( 38 ), Ureaplasma diversum ( 39 ), Campylobacter sputorum biovar sputorum ( 40 ), Brachyspira catarrhinii ( 41 ), Mycoplasma californicum ( 42 ), Moraxella lincolnii ( 43 ), Mycoplasma falconis ( 44 ) and Moraxella macacae ( 45 ). These organisms highlight the widespread distribution of this protein segment, since it is present in three of the six classes in the Proteobacteria phylum, three other phyla (Spirochaetes, Bacteroidetes and Tenericutes) as well as an archaea.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell cycle regulated DNA methyltransferase: fluorescent tracking of a DNA strand-separation mechanism and identification of the responsible protein motif

Konttinen

Carmody

Pathuri

et al. 2020

Nucleic Acids Research

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DNA adenine methylation by Caulobacter crescentus Cell Cycle Regulated Methyltransferase (CcrM) is an important epigenetic regulator of gene expression. The recent CcrM-DNA cocrystal structure shows the CcrM dimer disrupts four of the five base pairs of the (5′-GANTC-3′) recognition site. We developed a fluorescence-based assay by which Pyrrolo-dC tracks the strand separation event. Placement of Pyrrolo-dC within the DNA recognition site results in a fluorescence increase when CcrM binds. Non-cognate sequences display little to no fluorescence changes, showing that strand separation is a specificity determinant. Conserved residues in the C-terminal segment interact with the phospho-sugar backbone of the non-target strand. Replacement of these residues with alanine results in decreased methylation activity and changes in strand separation. The DNA recognition mechanism appears to occur with the Type II M.HinfI DNA methyltransferase and an ortholog of CcrM, BabI, but not with DNA methyltransferases that lack the conserved C-terminal segment. The C-terminal segment is found broadly in N4/N6-adenine DNA methyltransferases, some of which are human pathogens, across three Proteobacteria classes, three other phyla and in Thermoplasma acidophilum, an Archaea. This Pyrrolo-dC strand separation assay should be useful for the study of other enzymes which likely rely on a strand separation mechanism.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell cycle regulated DNA methyltransferase: fluorescent tracking of a DNA strand-separation mechanism and identification of the responsible protein motif

Konttinen

Carmody

Pathuri

et al. 2020

Nucleic Acids Research

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confidence: 99%

“…The genus Moraxella is a gram-negative, aerobic coccobacillus or rod-shaped bacterium and usually has low virulence [11, 22]. Fourteen different species of Moraxella have been isolated from various animals and humans, and several species exist as natural normal flora [16, 22]. Of these species, Moraxella catarrhalis is the most important human pathogen associated with eye infections, respiratory tract infections, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [17].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Of these species, Moraxella catarrhalis is the most important human pathogen associated with eye infections, respiratory tract infections, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [17]. Moraxella bovis causes infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, known as pinkeye, in cattle and has been found in the nasal passages of cattle [6, 22]. Moraxella lacunata can cause conjunctivitis, keratitis, endocarditis, and otolaryngitis in humans [5, 9, 13, 23], but is rarely found in animal cases [7, 24].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, there are several reports of Moraxella spp. infections resulting in mucohemorrhagic rhinitis, caseous lymphadenitis, keratoconjunctivitis, and septic arthritis [6, 15, 22].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Identification of Moraxella lacunata from pulmonary abscesses in three zoo herbivores

Kim¹,

Lee

Kwak

2018

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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Although Moraxella lacunata causes conjunctivitis, keratitis, endocarditis, and otolaryngitis in humans, its infection is rare in animals. We report three cases of asymptomatic pulmonary abscesses caused by M. lacunata in zoo herbivores, including two elks (Cervus canadensis) and a common eland (Taurotragus oryx). In all cases, macroscopic findings included coalescence of lung lobes and severe pulmonary abscesses filled with cheese-like materials in cysts. Microscopic findings included pneumonia characterized by marked fibrin exudates in alveolar spaces and infiltration of inflammatory cells. M. lacunata was identified in bacterial cultures from pulmonary abscesses using biochemical API 20NE system. M. lacunata is rarely isolated from zoo animals; however, herein, we describe the first report of pulmonary abscesses caused by M. lacunata infection.

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Moraxella

Fernández‐Garayzábal¹,

Miguela‐Villoldo²,

Vela³

2022

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

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Mo.ra.xel'la. N.L. dim. fem. n. Moraxella , named after V. Morax, a Swiss ophthalmologist who pioneered the recognition of the type species. Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Pseudomonadales / Moraxellaceae / Moraxella Moraxella species are Gram‐negative rods or cocci but often with a tendency to resist decolorization. The rods are often very short and plump, frequently approaching a coccus shape (1.0–1.5 × 1.5–1.5 μm); they usually occur in pairs and short chains. Variation in cell size, shape, and filament or chain formation is often seen in cultures, the pleomorphism being enhanced by lack of oxygen and by incubation temperatures above the optimum. The cocci are usually smaller (0.6–1.0 μm in diameter) and occur as single cells or in pairs; sometimes results in the formation of tetrads. Flagella are absent. Both coccal and rod‐shaped species can be fimbriated. Absence of swimming motility, but surface‐bound “twitching motility” has been observed in some rod‐shaped species. Aerobic, but some species can grow weakly under anaerobic conditions. May be encapsulated. Chemoorganotrophic. Most species are nutritionally fastidious, and all grow in complex media; some are stimulated significantly by fatty acids (bile salts and Tween 80). The optimal temperature for growth is between 33 and 35°C. Colonies are not pigmented. Oxidase‐positive. Usually catalase‐positive. No acid is produced from carbohydrates. Species of this genus share 96–99% similarity in their 16S rRNA gene sequences. The major fatty acids in most species are C 18 :1 ω9 c and C 16:1 ω7 c . The major quinone is Q‐8. Members of the class Gammaproteobacteria and family Moraxellaceae . Parasitic on the mucous membranes of humans and other warm‐blooded animals. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 40–48.1 ( T m , Bd, HPLC). Type species : Moraxella lacunata Lwoff 1939 AL , synonym: “ Bacillus lacunatus ” Eyre 1900.

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Development of real‐time PCR assays for the detection of Moraxella macacae associated with bloody nose syndrome in rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) macaques

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Cell cycle regulated DNA methyltransferase: fluorescent tracking of a DNA strand-separation mechanism and identification of the responsible protein motif

Cell cycle regulated DNA methyltransferase: fluorescent tracking of a DNA strand-separation mechanism and identification of the responsible protein motif

Identification of <i>Moraxella lacunata</i> from pulmonary abscesses in three zoo herbivores

Moraxella

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