Development of Secondary Microcephaly After Delivery: Possible Consequence of Mother-Baby Transmission of Zika Virus in Breast Milk

Mello, Alexandra Siqueira; Bertozzi, Ana Paula Antunes Pascalicchio; Rodrigues, Maria Manoela Duarte; Gazeta, Rosa Estela; Moron, Antônio Fernandes; Soriano‐Arandes, Antoni; Sarmento, Stéphanno Gomes Pereira; Vedovello, Danila; Silva, Andrea Cristina B; Fajardo, Thamirys Cosmo Gillo; Passos, Saulo Duarte

doi:10.12659/ajcr.915726

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In an autopsy of a 5-month infant with CZS, ZIKV RNA was detected in the brain, indicating viral persistence after a first trimester of gestation infection [ 21 ]. The transmission of ZIKV by breastfeeding can be the cause of postnatal microcephaly in previously healthy infants [ 22 ]. Infants born to mothers exposed to ZIKV during pregnancy showed progression of developmental, motor, and neurologic abnormalities even if they were born asymptomatic [ 23 ].…”

Section: Neuropathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital Zika Virus Infection: a Review with Emphasis on the Spectrum of Brain Abnormalities

Vhp

Aragão

Pinho

et al. 2020

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep

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Purpose of Review In 2016, the World Health Organization declared the Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern following a cluster of associated neurological disorders and neonatal malformations. Our aim is to review the clinical and neuroimaging findings seen in congenital Zika syndrome. Recent Findings ZIKV injures neural progenitor cells in the hippocampus, a brain region important for learning, memory, cognition, and emotion/stress response. Positron emission tomography has revealed global neuroinflammation in ZIKV infection in animal models. Summary Congenital Zika syndrome is associated with a spectrum of brain abnormalities, including microcephaly, parenchymal calcifications, malformations of cortical development and defective neuronal migration, corpus callosum abnormalities, ventriculomegaly, and brainstem and cerebellar abnormalities.

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Section: Neuropathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital Zika Virus Infection: a Review with Emphasis on the Spectrum of Brain Abnormalities

Vhp

Aragão

Pinho

et al. 2020

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep

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“…There were 349 full-text articles assessed for eligibility. Among the screened records, only 16 articles met our inclusion criteria ( Figure 1 ) [ 10 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. We did not identify any trials reporting on the assessment of breast milk samples after vaccination for ZIKV infection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies informing our analysis were from Brazil (n = 6) [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 36 , 37 , 38 ], Colombia (n = 1) [ 39 ], France (n = 2) [ 27 , 40 ], French Polynesia (n = 1) [ 10 ], Thailand (n = 2) [ 33 , 34 ], Venezuela (n = 1) [ 32 ], and Spain (n = 1) [ 35 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Update on the Transmission of Zika Virus Through Breast Milk and Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review of the Evidence

Centeno‐Tablante

Medina‐Rivera

Finkelstein

et al. 2021

Viruses

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We systematically searched regional and international databases and screened 1658 non-duplicate records describing women with suspected or confirmed ZIKV infection, intending to breastfeed or give breast milk to an infant to examine the potential of mother-to-child transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) through breast milk or breastfeeding-related practices. Fourteen studies met our inclusion criteria and inform this analysis. These studies reported on 97 mother–children pairs who provided breast milk for ZIKV assessment. Seventeen breast milk samples from different women were found positive for ZIKV via RT-PCR, and ZIKV replication was found in cell cultures from five out of seven breast milk samples from different women. Only three out of six infants who had ZIKV infection were breastfed, no evidence of clinical complications was found to be associated with ZIKV RNA in breast milk. This review updates our previous report by including 12 new articles, in which we found no evidence of ZIKV mother-to-child transmission through breast milk intake or breastfeeding. As the certainty of the present evidence is low, additional studies are still warranted to determine if ZIKV can be transmitted through breastfeeding.

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“…In particular, ZIKV RNA has been reported in breast milk from 3 to 33 days after maternal onset of fever and ZIKV infectious particles were also detected in this biofluid [14][15][16][17][18]. Nevertheless, this mode of transmission to the newborn is still controversial [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Probably due to the small number of human cases, the presence Banca d'Italia grant No 0835924/20 (https://www.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Zika virus and anti-Usutu virus activity of human milk and its components

et al. 2020

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The benefits of human milk are mediated by multiple nutritional, trophic, and immunological components, able to promote infant's growth, maturation of its immature gut, and to confer protection against infections. Despite these widely recognized properties, breast-feeding represents an important mother-to-child transmission route of some viral infections. Different studies show that some flaviviruses can occasionally be detected in breast milk, but their transmission to the newborn is still controversial. The aim of this study is to investigate the antiviral activity of human milk (HM) in its different stages of maturation against two emerging flaviviruses, namely Zika virus (ZIKV) and Usutu virus (USUV) and to verify whether HMderived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) contribute to the milk protective effect. Colostrum, transitional and mature milk samples were collected from 39 healthy donors. The aqueous fractions were tested in vitro with specific antiviral assays and EVs and GAGs were derived and characterized. HM showed antiviral activity against ZIKV and USUV at all the stages of lactation with no significant differences in the activity of colostrum, transitional or mature milk. Mechanism of action studies demonstrated that colostrum does not inactivate viral particles, but it hampers the binding of both flaviviruses to cells. We also demonstrated that HM-EVs and HM-GAGs contribute, at least in part, to the anti-ZIKV and anti-USUV action of HM. This study discloses the intrinsic antiviral activity of HM against ZIKV and USUV and demonstrates the contribution of two bioactive components in mediating its protective effect. Since the potential infectivity of HM during ZIKV and USUV infection is still unclear, these data support the World Health Organization recommendations about breast-feeding during ZIKV infection and could contribute to producing new guidelines for a possible USUV epidemic.

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Development of Secondary Microcephaly After Delivery: Possible Consequence of Mother-Baby Transmission of Zika Virus in Breast Milk

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Congenital Zika Virus Infection: a Review with Emphasis on the Spectrum of Brain Abnormalities

Congenital Zika Virus Infection: a Review with Emphasis on the Spectrum of Brain Abnormalities

Update on the Transmission of Zika Virus Through Breast Milk and Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review of the Evidence

Anti-Zika virus and anti-Usutu virus activity of human milk and its components

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