Development of seed coat‐imposed dormancy during seed maturation in <i>Cynoglossum officinale</i>

Stabell, Elisa Ulrika; Upadhyaya, Mahesh K.; Ellis, Brian E.

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1996.tb00474.x

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Pyrrolic and indolic groups as well as ascorbic acid are not usually cell wall components. Phenols may be found in the testa, and reports indicate that their oxidation levels are associated with restriction of water and oxygen uptake by the seed coat (Marbach and Mayer 1974;Harris 1987;Stabell et al 1996). However, due to the relative low amount of phenols in the seed coat of B. orellana, it is unlikely that these compounds have any relevant role in the impermeability of the seed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The addition colors (from violet to green) appear when optical retardation range from 575 to 1,375 nm, while the subtraction colors (from the orange to black) appear when the optical retardation range from 500 to 0 nm (Slayter 1970).…”

Section: Microscopy and Histochemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polarization microscopy studies were accomplished using polarizing Axioskop Pol microscope (Zeiss, Germany) having the analyzer in the conventional cross position coupled with a compensator termed ''red I plate'' (Slayter 1970), in order to detect color variations in the cell wall birefringence signal in digested and non-digested seed coats. The addition colors (from violet to green) appear when optical retardation range from 575 to 1,375 nm, while the subtraction colors (from the orange to black) appear when the optical retardation range from 500 to 0 nm (Slayter 1970).…”

Section: Microscopy and Histochemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomical and biochemical changes in the composition of developing seed coats of annatto (Bixa orellana L.)

Amaral

Cortelazzo

Buckeridge

et al. 2008

Trees

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Seeds of Bixa orellana (L.) have a sclerified palisade cell layer, which constitutes a natural barrier to water uptake. In fact, newly fully developed B. orellana seeds are highly impermeable to water and thereby dormant. The purpose of this work is to investigate, from a developmental point of view, the histochemical and physical changes in the cell walls of the seed coat that are associated with the water impermeability. Seed coat samples were analyzed by histochemical and polarization microscopy techniques, as well as by fractionation/HPAEC-PAD. For histochemical analysis the tissue samples were fixed, dehydrated, embedded in paraffin and the slides were dewaxed and tested with appropriate stains for different cell wall components. Throughout the development of B. orellana seeds, there was a gradual thickening of the seed coat at the palisade region. This thickening was due to the deposition of cellulose and hemicelluloses in the palisade layer cell walls, which resulted in a highly water impermeable seed coat. The carbohydrate composition of the cell walls changed dramatically at the late developmental stages due to the intense deposition of hemicelluloses. Hemicelluloses were mainly deposited in the outer region of the palisade layer cell walls and altered the birefringent pattern of the walls. Xylans were by far the most abundant hemicellulosic component of the cell walls. Deposition of cellulose and hemicelluloses, especially xylans, could be responsible for the impermeability to water observed in fully developed B. orellana seeds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Microscopy and Histochemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microscopy and Histochemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Anatomical and biochemical changes in the composition of developing seed coats of annatto (Bixa orellana L.)

Amaral

Cortelazzo

Buckeridge

et al. 2008

Trees

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“…and Medicago stellata, may be related to different requirement for defence in perennial and annual growth forms (Stafford 1997). Retention of proanthocyanidins in seed coats of annuals seems related to impermeabilization and development of physical dormancy (Marbach & Mayer 1974, 1975Egley et al 1985;Stabell et al 1996), and is perhaps also related to defence.…”

Section: Proanthocyanidins In Seed Coats: Dual Roles In Dormancy and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid deployment of allelochemicals in exudates of germinating seeds of Sesbania (Fabaceae): roles of seed anatomy and histolocalization of polyphenolic compounds in anti-pathogen defense of seedlings

Ceballos¹,

Hossaert‐McKey²,

McKey³

et al. 1998

Chemoecology

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We determined the localization of phenolic compounds in dormant seeds of two American species of Sesbania (Fabaceae) by a combination of histochemical and biochemical methods. Phenolics are located in different layers of the seed coat and in the subhilar parenchyma. We then investigated the release of these compounds by imbibing seeds of both species. The annual S. 6esicaria releases the flavonoid luteolin, with minor amounts of proanthocyanidins, whereas the perennial S. drummondii releases mostly proanthocyanidins. Types and amount of allelochemicals exuded seem related to ecology and life history traits of each species. We then showed mobilisation of these allelochemicals by histochemical sections in imbibing seeds of both species. Histological structure is similar in both species. A number of characters (lens, subhilar parenchyma, tracheid bar) appear to function together to facilitate the exudation of compounds that protect young seedlings. Furthermore, the spatial organization of these organs with interlocking function allows retrieval of defensive substances stored in the seed, and their redeployment is beneficial for seedling survival. We hypothesize that optimisation of the chemical defences allocated to the seed by the maternal parent confers a significant advantage to the seedling, whose energy is mainly committed to growth.

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“…Coat‐imposed dormancy can be caused by seed coat hardness (e.g. the degree of lignification), by the presence of soluble phenolics in the seed coat or by the deposition of waxes on the surfaces of seeds, which either act as water repellents or prevent germination inhibitors from leaching out (Williams & Hoagland 1982; Stabell et al . 1996; Werker 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed bank dynamics of Onopordum acanthium: emergence patterns and chemical attributes

Qaderi¹,

Cavers²,

Bernards³

2002

Journal of Ecology

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Summary1 Cypselas (fruits) of Scotch thistle ( Onopordum acanthium ) germinate unpredictably over a long period of time. We evaluated the effects of soil type, burial depth and collection date on the emergence patterns of two populations of O. acanthium , ESW and Quarry (Q). 2 From each of four separate collections made throughout 1996, five replicates of 200 cypselas each were placed on the surface or buried at depths of 3 or 15 cm in both sand and silt-loam soils (i.e. field conditions) and emergence was recorded biweekly between August 1996 and September 1999. 3 Emergence was intermittent over the 3 years, with a higher total percentage from silt loam (17%) than from sand (9%), and from 3 cm depth (18%) compared with the surface (8%). 4 After 3 years, all remaining viable, split (germinated but not emerged), decayed and unfilled cypselas were retrieved. Total germination over the 3 years (emerged plus split) was up to 77% at 3 cm in silt loam but always less than 10% at 15 cm in both soils for both populations. Although a higher percentage of cypselas germinated under controlled conditions when retrieved from loam compared with sand (89% vs. 66%), a significant number from all treatments did not germinate until scarified. 5 Cypselas that ripened under the warmest temperature (collection 3) had the highest emergence in the year of collection (1996), while more of those that ripened under cooler temperatures (collections 1 and 4) emerged in later years (1998 and 1999). Both initial and later emergence patterns for both populations varied greatly with collection date. This may be the first time that seedling emergence from the seed bank for different collections has been monitored over several years. 6 We compared waxes, lignins and soluble phenolics in the coats of cypselas retrieved from soil (early germinators) with those that germinated only after scarification. More surface wax was found in dormant cypselas. 7 Understanding these complex germination/emergence patterns may help develop control policies for O. acanthium .

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Development of seed coat‐imposed dormancy during seed maturation in Cynoglossum officinale

Cited by 15 publications

References 13 publications

Anatomical and biochemical changes in the composition of developing seed coats of annatto (Bixa orellana L.)

Anatomical and biochemical changes in the composition of developing seed coats of annatto (Bixa orellana L.)

Rapid deployment of allelochemicals in exudates of germinating seeds of Sesbania (Fabaceae): roles of seed anatomy and histolocalization of polyphenolic compounds in anti-pathogen defense of seedlings

Seed bank dynamics of Onopordum acanthium: emergence patterns and chemical attributes

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