Development of Self-Awareness Among Senior Preschool Children

Abstract

Statement of the problem and purpose of the article. The article is devoted to the study of the formation and development of self-consciousness among preschool children at the present time. The relevance is due to changes in the system of socio-psychological factors, conditions and prerequisites for the development of children’s self-awareness. The article describes the current context of children’s development that affects formation and development of children’s self-awareness, and also provides data on the development of components of self-awareness in the older preschool age, including complicated development among children with disabilities (disorders of the musculoskeletal system). Materials and methods of research. The proposed study is empirical. Theoretical research methods were used: analysis, synthesis, generalization and systematization of scientific ideas; structural, functional and genetic analysis of the problem; empirical research methods included: psychodiagnostics methods (questionnaire, experimental); mathematical methods of data processing. Research results. The results of a comparative empirical study allowed us to identify some features of the development of self-esteem and self-awareness among healthy senior preschool age children and children with disabilities. The predominance of inadequate overestimated self-esteem among healthy senior preschool children was determined, which is natural for this age period. Awareness of themselves by most healthy children occurs through highlighting their individuality. Most healthy children have the simplest version of the self-perspective formation. Children with disabilities (disorders of the musculoskeletal system) often have very low and low self-esteem, treat themselves and their abilities mostly negatively, in comparison with their healthy peers. They often feel rejected and feel pressure from loved ones, have a more complex version of the development of the self-perspective. Conclusion. Data on the development of components of self-consciousness among healthy and somatically challenged children of senior preschool age are presented and described, indicating the presence of features in the development of individual components of self-consciousness, depending on the conditions that ensure their formation and development.