Development of silica-based stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography

Qiu, Hongdeng; Liang, Xiaojing; Sun, Min; Jiang, Shengxiang

doi:10.1007/s00216-010-4611-x

Cited by 144 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 189 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…8 An extensive review on development of silica based stationary phases for HPLC by various modifications was presented in 2011. 9 In addition, a review on numerous recent developments of HPLC stationary phases was given in 2013 including small particles (including coreshell), monoliths, hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) phases, and mixed mode phases. 10 Use of silicahydride stationary phases in aqueous normal phase liquid chromatography was reviewed in 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Silica Particles As Chromatographic Separation Media: A Review

Cheong¹

2014

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Porous silica particles are the most prevailing raw material for stationary phases of liquid chromatography. During a long period of time, various methodologies for production of porous silica particles have been proposed, such as crashing and sieving of xerogel, traditional dry or wet process preparation of conventional spherical particles, preparation of hierarchical mesoporous particles by template-mediated pore formation, repeated formation of a thin layer of porous silica upon nonporous silica core (core-shell particles), and formation of specific silica monolith followed by grinding and calcination. Recent developments and applications of useful porous silica particles will be covered in this review. Discussion on sub-3 µm silica particles including nonporous silica particles, carbon or metal oxide clad silica particles, and molecularly imprinted silica particles, will also be included. Next, the individual preparation methods and their feasibilities will be collectively and critically compared and evaluated, being followed by conclusive remarks and future perspectives.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Silica Particles As Chromatographic Separation Media: A Review

Cheong¹

2014

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Chromatographic supports based on silica coated with metal oxide layers are an alternative for achieving more stable materials for use in reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), [1][2][3][4][5] where the hydrolytic stability of stationary phases based on silica coated with metal oxide layers is approximately five-times higher than the stability of similar silica-based phases. 6,7 These chromatographic supports allow maintenance of the morphology and the porous structure of silica, which are essential to produce high-performance stationary phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, on these supports based on silica coated with metal oxide layers, the metallic oxides behave as Lewis acid sites, and also increase the acidity of the residual silanols, 1,2 causing strong retention or asymmetric peaks for some polar and basic substances. 5,6,14 Although alumina was the first metal oxide successfully used in the normal-phase mode, alumina-based phases did not show the same performance in reversed-phase chromatography, primarily due to the difficulty of surface modification, producing phases with low carbon content, and showing poor resolution for simple mixtures. 15,16 However, traces of alumina in a silica support reduced the dissolution rate of chemically bonded phases under alkaline conditions, thus giving a slight increase in the chemical stability for these phases without affecting the chromatographic performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Support for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Based on Silica Coated with Alumina Particles

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A new material based on silica coated with alumina nanoparticles was proposed for use as a chromatographic support for reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Alumina nanoparticles were synthesized by a sol-gel process in reversed micelles composed of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate, and the support material was formed by the self-assembly of alumina layers on silica spheres. Spectroscopic and 29 Si nuclear magnetic resonance results showed evidence of chemical bonds between the alumina nanoparticles and the silica spheres, while morphological characterizations showed that the aluminized silica maintained the morphological properties of silica desired for chromatographic purposes after alumina incorporation. Stability studies indicated that bare silica showed high dissolution (~83%), while the aluminized silica remained practically unchanged (99%) after passing one liter of the alkaline mobile phase, indicating high stability under alkaline conditions. The C18 bonded aluminized silica phase showed great potential for use in high-performance liquid chromatography to separate basic molecules in the reversed-phase mode.

show abstract

“…π-Electron-rich organic phases are also attractive for selectivity enhancement. Although ππ interactions are considerably weaker than carbonylπ interactions, 14,15 integration of aromatic π-moieties enables selectivity enhancement, as exemplified by polymers with aromatic side chains, 16,17 imidazoliumbased ionic liquids, 18,19 polycyclic aromatics like pyrene and coronene, 20 aromatic foldamers, 21 fullerenes, 22,23 carbon nanotubes, 24 and graphite carbon. 25,26 Herein, we introduce a new class of π-electron-rich organic phases ( Figure 1) for ultra-selective adsorption, which are based on carbon-like black materials different from conventional carbon black and graphite.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Black Organic Phase for Ultra Selective Retention by Surface Modification of Porous Silica

Noguchi¹,

Liu²,

Nozato³

et al. 2017

Chemistry Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper demonstrates that novel composites of porous silica with carbon-like black materials are different from conventional carbon black. The obtained black composites maintained high porosity of the base silica and exhibited extremely high molecular shape selectivity, especially for geometrical isomers.Keywords: π-Conjugated structure | Porous material | Amorphous carbonTo address the growing demand for enhanced separation selectivity in column technology, a variety of functional molecules have been designed and immobilized on porous carriers to meet this demand, as exemplified by successful applications of macrocycle-grafted silica, 15 where high selectivity is achieved by macrocyclic ordering of heteroatoms as interaction points. On the other hand, non-macrocyclic compounds can also achieve selectivity enhancement if weak interaction points are integrated and oriented. Typical examples include integrated carbonyl group systems like side-chain ordered polymers containing ester bonds, 68 alternating phthalimide-based copolymers, 9 and polypeptide-10 and molecular-gel-based ordered organic phases, 1113 which provide higher selectivity than conventional hydrophobized silica, especially for separating geometrical isomers. These successful applications are directly related to the promotion of multiple carbonyl-π interactions 14 with guest molecules. π-Electron-rich organic phases are also attractive for selectivity enhancement. Although ππ interactions are considerably weaker than carbonylπ interactions, 14,15 integration of aromatic π-moieties enables selectivity enhancement, as exemplified by polymers with aromatic side chains, 16,17 Herein, we introduce a new class of π-electron-rich organic phases (Figure 1) for ultra-selective adsorption, which are based on carbon-like black materials different from conventional carbon black and graphite. The designed materials exhibit the following advantages. (1) The pre-black organic thin layer can be created on porous silica microspheres by direct copolymerization of 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) and 1,3,3, 27 in a simple solvent system. The amount of immobilized material is easy to adjust while preserving the large surface area of porous silica, since polymerization occurs on the silica surface in a semi-quantitative fashion. Additionally, polymer growth does not require silica to be surface-treated. (2) Copolymerization is accompanied by crosslinking; therefore, no elution is observed after washing with solvents. (3) The adhered polymer can be converted into carbonlike black materials by heat treatment at a suitable temperature, allowing the adsorptivity and selectivity of the column system to be flexibly tuned.Copolymerization was carried out at a fixed molar ratio (1:1) of DHN and TMTA. The original milky white mixture of these monomers with YMC silica as porous carrier in ethanol turned green after 1 h stirring at reflux temperature (78°C). Optical microscopy imaging indicated that the above change was due to the coloration of silica and not that of the solvent....

show abstract

Development of silica-based stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography

Cited by 144 publications

References 189 publications

Porous Silica Particles As Chromatographic Separation Media: A Review

Porous Silica Particles As Chromatographic Separation Media: A Review

New Support for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Based on Silica Coated with Alumina Particles

Novel Black Organic Phase for Ultra Selective Retention by Surface Modification of Porous Silica

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About