Development of silicon pad detectors and readout electronics for a Compton camera

Studen, Andrej; Cindro, V.; Clinthorne, N.H.; Czermak, A.; Dulinski, W.; Fuster, J.; Han, Liguo; Jałocha, P.; Kowal, Marek; Kragh, Thomas J.; Lacasta, C.; Llosá, G.; Meier, Dirk; Mikuž, M.; Nygård, E.; Park, S.J; Roe, S.; Rogers, W.L.; Sowicki, B.; Weilhammer, P.; Wilderman, S.J.; Yoshioka, K.; Zhang, L

doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(02)02046-6

Cited by 29 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Each pixel element is 1.2 mm 9 1.2 mm in dimension. Energy resolution was parameterized using the Gaussian distribution, and was assumed to be 1 keV at 140.5 keV and 2 keV at 511 keV [5,7] for Si. Position measurements in the scatterer were estimated as the centre location of the pixels in which the interactions occurred.…”

Section: Simulation Of a Compton Cameramentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Monte Carlo evaluation of three Compton camera absorbers

Uche

Round

Cree

2011

Australas Phys Eng Sci Med

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We present a quantitative study on the performance of cadmium zinc telluride (CZT), thallium-doped sodium iodide (NaI(Tl)) and germanium (Ge) detectors as potential Compton camera absorbers. The GEANT4 toolkit was used to model the performance of these materials over the nuclear medicine energy range. CZT and Ge demonstrate the highest and lowest efficiencies respectively. Although the best spatial resolution was attained for Ge, its lowest ratio of single photoelectric to multiple interactions suggests that it is most prone to inter-pixel cross-talk. In contrast, CZT, which demonstrates the least positioning error due to multiple interactions, has a comparable spatial resolution with Ge. Therefore, we modelled a Compton camera system based on silicon (Si) and CZT as the scatterer and absorber respectively. The effects of the detector parameters of our proposed system on image resolution were evaluated and our results show good agreement with previous studies. Interestingly, spatial resolution which accounted for the least image degradation at 140.5 keV became the dominant degrading factor at 511 keV, indicating that the absorber parameters play some key roles at higher energies. The results of this study have validated the predictions by An et al. which state that the use of a higher energy gamma source together with reduction of the absorber segmentation to sub-millimetre could achieve the image resolution of 5 mm required in medical imaging.

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Section: Simulation Of a Compton Cameramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have shown that to date, Si is an outstanding scatterer for the Compton camera [5][6][7]. Its advantages include excellent energy resolution, high Compton ratio, and low detector noise and Doppler broadening.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Monte Carlo evaluation of three Compton camera absorbers

Uche

Round

Cree

2011

Australas Phys Eng Sci Med

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“…While Compton cameras can give accurate information about flux, they do not give information about the energy of incident photons. 6,7 On the other hand, the energy of a multi-MeV photon can be measured by detecting the quantum electrodynamic cascade induced during its passage through a material. The size and depth of the cascade yields a direct measurement of the energy of the incident photon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a compact spectrometer for high-flux MeV gamma-ray beams

Corvan

Sarri

Zepf

2014

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A novel design for a compact gamma-ray spectrometer is presented. The proposed system allows for spectroscopy of high-flux multi-MeV gamma-ray beams with MeV energy resolution in a compact design. In its basic configuration, the spectrometer exploits conversion of gamma-rays into electrons via Compton scattering in a low-Z material. The scattered electron population is then spectrally resolved using a magnetic spectrometer. The detector is shown to be effective for gamma-ray energies between 3 and 20 MeV. The main properties of the spectrometer are confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations.

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“…Ax excellent energy resolution of 1–2 keV FWHM in the range of signals between 59.5 and 511 keV [2]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon detectors for combined MR–PET and MR–SPECT imaging

Studen

Brzezinski²,

Chesi

et al. 2013

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Silicon based devices can extend PET-MR and SPECT-MR imaging to applications, where their advantages in performance outweigh benefits of high statistical counts. Silicon is in many ways an excellent detector material with numerous advantages, among others: excellent energy and spatial resolution, mature processing technology, large signal to noise ratio, relatively low price, availability, versatility and malleability. The signal in silicon is also immune to effects of magnetic field at the level normally used in MR devices. Tests in fields up to 7 T were performed in a study to determine effects of magnetic field on positron range in a silicon PET device. The curvature of positron tracks in direction perpendicular to the field’s orientation shortens the distance between emission and annihilation point of the positron. The effect can be fully appreciated for a rotation of the sample for a fixed field direction, compressing range in all dimensions. A popular Ga-68 source was used showing a factor of 2 improvement in image noise compared to zero field operation. There was also a little increase in noise as the reconstructed resolution varied between 2.5 and 1.5 mm. A speculative applications can be recognized in both emission modalities, SPECT and PET. Compton camera is a subspecies of SPECT, where a silicon based scatter as a MR compatible part could inserted into the MR bore and the secondary detector could operate in less constrained environment away from the magnet. Introducing a Compton camera also relaxes requirements of the radiotracers used, extending the range of conceivable photon energies beyond 140.5 keV of the Tc-99m. In PET, one could exploit the compressed sub-millimeter range of positrons in the magnetic field. To exploit the advantage, detectors with spatial resolution commensurate to the effect must be used with silicon being an excellent candidate. Measurements performed outside of the MR achieving spatial resolution below 1 mm are reported.

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Development of silicon pad detectors and readout electronics for a Compton camera

Cited by 29 publications

References 2 publications

A Monte Carlo evaluation of three Compton camera absorbers

A Monte Carlo evaluation of three Compton camera absorbers

Design of a compact spectrometer for high-flux MeV gamma-ray beams

Silicon detectors for combined MR–PET and MR–SPECT imaging

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