Development of Solid–Fluid Reaction Models—A Literature Review

Dong, Leilei; Mazzarino, Italo; Alexiadis, Alessio

doi:10.3390/chemengineering5030036

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…The first step is the diffusion of oxometalate from the bulk liquid to the GNP surface through the concentration boundary layer, sorption to the surface, followed by reaction. To describe the reactions of the oxometalates with the GNP, the shrinking surface model known from chemical reaction engineering can be used, since the surface of the GNP is reduced by being covered with product [ 93 ]. For a given surface, the mass transfer coefficient in the concentration boundary layer during adsorption or the rate constant during a reaction and the concentration of the reactant in the liquid main phase are crucial for the time-dependent mass conversion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Direct Reaction of Vanadate, Chromate, and Permanganate with Graphene Nanoplatelets for Use in Water Purification

Konradt,

Schroden,

Hagemann

et al. 2024

Nanomaterials

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Oxometalates of vanadium(V), chromium(VI), and manganese(VII) have negative impacts on water resources due to their toxicity. To remove them, the kinetics of 0.04 mM oxometalates in natural and synthetic water were studied using graphene nanoplatelets (GNP). The GNP were dispersible in water and formed aggregates >15 µm that could be easily separated. Within 30 min, the GNP were covered with ~0.4 mg/g vanadium and ~1.0 mg/g chromium as Cr(OH)3. The reaction of 0.04 mM permanganate with 50 mg of GNP resulted in a coverage of 10 mg/g in 5 min, while the maximum value was 300 mg/g manganese as Mn2O3/MnO. TEM showed a random metal distribution on the surfaces; no clusters or nanoparticles were detected. The rate of disappearance in aerated water followed a pseudo second-order adsorption kinetics (PSO) for V(V), a pseudo second-order reaction for Cr(VI), and a pseudo first-order reaction for Mn(VII). For Cr(VI) and Mn(VII), the rate constants were found to depend on the GNP mass. Oxygen sorption occurred with PSO kinetics as a parallel slow process upon contact of GNP with air-saturated water. For thermally regenerated GNP, the rate constant decreased for V(V) but increased for Cr(VI), while no effect was observed for Mn(VII). GNP capacity was enhanced through regeneration for V(V) and Cr(VI); no effect was observed for Mn(VII). The reactions are well-suited for use in water purification processes and the reaction products, GNP, decorated with single metal atoms, are of great interest for the construction of sensors, electronic devices, and for application in single-atom catalysis (SAC).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Direct Reaction of Vanadate, Chromate, and Permanganate with Graphene Nanoplatelets for Use in Water Purification

Konradt,

Schroden,

Hagemann

et al. 2024

Nanomaterials

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“…The mathematical relationships for both models are presented below. Equation of the diffusion process through the product layer [28][29][30]: Chemical reaction model equation [31,32]:…”

Section: Investigations Of the Kinetics Of The Copper Leaching Proces...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of copper leaching from direct-to-blister copper flash smelting slag by sulfuric acid

Gargul

Boryczko

Handzlik

et al. 2022

Archiv.Civ.Mech.Eng

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Coppermaking from sulfide concentrates entails two major steps: smelting and converting. In continuous direct-to-copper smelting process these two steps are combined into one. The principal advantages of this process are: isolation of SO2 emission to a single, continuous, SO2-rich gas stream, minimization of energy consumption and minimization of capital and operating costs. Disadvantages of the process are that about 25% of the Cu entering a direct-to-copper smelting furnace ends up dissolved in the slag (when compared with < 10% in traditional Peirce–Smith converting) and the cost of recovering this Cu is significant. Decopperization process is based on the reduction of cuprous oxide and other metals, mainly lead and iron, in the liquid state in an electric furnace in the presence of coke and technological additives. This paper presents the results of laboratory tests on flash smelting slag leaching with sulfuric acid solutions. Hydrometallurgical treatment of the slag could be an alternative route to the presently used way of processing. The influence of a number of leaching parameters such as sulfuric acid concentration, amount of H2O2 added, liquid to solid phase (l/s) parameter and process temperature on the copper leaching efficiency was investigated. Under optimized process conditions, 95.6% of the copper contained in the original sample of slag was transferred into a solution. The experimental results obtained in the study were supplemented with the analysis of the kinetics of the copper leaching process from the flash smelting slag. The commonly known from the literature diffusion model and chemical reaction model were used. The activation energy of copper leaching from flash smelting slag was estimated in the range from 12.77 to 17.34 kJ/mol.

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Stresses in the Reaction Zone During Composite Synthesis

Bukrina

Knyazeva

2023

Russ Phys J

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Development of Solid–Fluid Reaction Models—A Literature Review

Cited by 13 publications

References 97 publications

Kinetics of Direct Reaction of Vanadate, Chromate, and Permanganate with Graphene Nanoplatelets for Use in Water Purification

Kinetics of Direct Reaction of Vanadate, Chromate, and Permanganate with Graphene Nanoplatelets for Use in Water Purification

Kinetics of copper leaching from direct-to-blister copper flash smelting slag by sulfuric acid

Stresses in the Reaction Zone During Composite Synthesis

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