Development of spring durum wheat cultivars resistant to stem rust in Western Siberia

Abstract

Background. Stem rust of wheat, caused by the biotrophic fungus Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. et Henn., is a dangerous disease that afflicts serious economic damage to the cultivation of durum wheat.Materials and methods. Cultivars and promising materials developed at the Spring Durum Wheat Breeding Laboratory, Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center (OASC), lines obtained under the CIMMYT and KASIB programs, and accessions from the VIR collection were the objects of research. Field experiments, phenological observations, and assessment of stem rust resistance were carried out from 1990 through 2019 in the OASC experimental fields using conventional methods. Resistance to the Ug99 race was evaluated under natural infection pressure at the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO).Results. Promising source material was identified and included in the Laboratory’s breeding program. The ways were shown to develop stable cultivars of spring durum wheat for the environments of Western Siberia. A strategy was proposed for the selection of genotypes in hybrid combinations of spring durum wheat: it would include early selection (starting from F2 ) for disease resistance with simultaneous screening for quantitative traits and pasta-making qualities. The description and advantages of cv. ‘Omsky korall’, submitted to the State Variety Trials in 2018, are presented. This cultivar combines high yield, adaptability, resistance to the local population and the Ug99 race of the stem rust pathogen, and excellent pasta-making qualities.Conclusion. As a result of these studies under heavy stem rust pressure in Western Siberia, all breeding nurseries obtained source material resistant to the Omsk population of P. graminis. The released cultivars ‘Omskaya yantarnaya’ and ‘Omsky izumrud’ demonstrate resistance to the Omsk population of the stem rust causative agent.

Promising genetic sources for the creation of varieties of durum spring wheat in Western Siberia

“…The first foci on spring soft wheat stem rust were discovered in 2007, from 2008 to 2014 it was observed annually to varying degrees, but the damage did not exceed 50 %, and epiphyto tics of stem rust arose starting from 2015 (Rosseeva et al, 2019). In subsequent years, stem rust on durum wheat appeared regularly with a degree of damage from 70 to 100 % (Gultyaeva et al, 2020;Yusov et al, 2021). In recent years, epiphytotics of wheat stem rust have been noted in the northern regions of Kazakhstan and in the territories adjacent to the Omsk region of Russia.…”

“…In the last century, many works were devoted to the evalua tion of the source material carried out in the conditions of Siberia, the Volga region, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and other regions of the former Soviet Union (Evdokimov, 2006). In recent years, the trend has been reflected in the works of domestic scientists engaged in the directions of selection to increase yields, adaptability, grain quality and disease resistance (Ziborov, Rozova, 2012;Evdokimov et al, 2017;Malchikov et al, 2018;Mukhitov, Timoshenkova, 2018;Samofalova et al, 2018;Dorokhova, Kopus, 2020;Rozova et al, 2020;Malchikov, Myasnikova, 2021;Yusov et al, 2021).…”

Устойчивость Сортов Яровой Твердой Пшеницы К Стеблевой Ржавчине На Юго-Востоке Казахстана

“…По данным Юсова и др. [10] казахстанские сорта и линии твердой пшеницы Сеймур 17 (КазНИИЗиР), Лавина, Гордеиформе 69-08-2, Гордеиформе 178-05-2 (НПЦЗХ им. А.И.…”

Assessment of Spring Wheat Varieties for Pest Resistance

“…The most important methods that eliminate and limit the harmful activity of insects are the selection and introduction of undamaged, slightly damaged, and resistant to damage varieties into production (Yusov et al, 2021). The creation and introduction of production varieties that are resistant to damage is a radical and beneficial method of protecting crops from losses caused by pests (Krut, 2022).…”