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Background. Stem rust of wheat, caused by the biotrophic fungus Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. et Henn., is a dangerous disease that afflicts serious economic damage to the cultivation of durum wheat.Materials and methods. Cultivars and promising materials developed at the Spring Durum Wheat Breeding Laboratory, Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center (OASC), lines obtained under the CIMMYT and KASIB programs, and accessions from the VIR collection were the objects of research. Field experiments, phenological observations, and assessment of stem rust resistance were carried out from 1990 through 2019 in the OASC experimental fields using conventional methods. Resistance to the Ug99 race was evaluated under natural infection pressure at the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO).Results. Promising source material was identified and included in the Laboratory’s breeding program. The ways were shown to develop stable cultivars of spring durum wheat for the environments of Western Siberia. A strategy was proposed for the selection of genotypes in hybrid combinations of spring durum wheat: it would include early selection (starting from F2 ) for disease resistance with simultaneous screening for quantitative traits and pasta-making qualities. The description and advantages of cv. ‘Omsky korall’, submitted to the State Variety Trials in 2018, are presented. This cultivar combines high yield, adaptability, resistance to the local population and the Ug99 race of the stem rust pathogen, and excellent pasta-making qualities.Conclusion. As a result of these studies under heavy stem rust pressure in Western Siberia, all breeding nurseries obtained source material resistant to the Omsk population of P. graminis. The released cultivars ‘Omskaya yantarnaya’ and ‘Omsky izumrud’ demonstrate resistance to the Omsk population of the stem rust causative agent.

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The purpose of the current study was to identify the effect of meteorological factors on productivity and grain quality indicators of spring durum wheat in the conditions of Western Siberia. The research was carried out in the FSBSI “Omsk Agricultural Research Center” in 1981-2019. The object of the study was the durum spring wheat variety ‘Almaz', which was tested in the nurseries of the Competitive Variety Testing according to such traits as productivity, nature weight, hardness of grain, protein and gluten percentage, IDK, pasta color. The average productivity through the years of study was 2.51 t/ha, the differences between indicators in the unfavorable (1.54 t/ha) and favorable (3.48 t/ha) years were 1.94 t/ha. The grain nature weight in the years with good humidity was on 22g/l larger than in the arid years, the hardness of grain was on 5% larger. The protein and gluten percentage, the pasta color value was larger in the unfavorable climatic years (on 1.60%, 4.3%, 0.2 points, respectively), compared with favorable ones. There has been found that the productivity was positively associated with the precipitation in May and the 1st decade of July, relative humidity in May and June; there was established a negative correlation with air temperature in June. The nature weight of grain had a negative dependence on precipitation (1st and 2nd decades) and relative humidity in August for all decades. The hardness of grain was positively affected by temperature in May and precipitation in July (1st decade). The protein percentage in grain was negatively affected with precipitation and relative air humidity in May, June and July (1st and 3rd decades). Average daily temperatures in May and July had a positive effect on the protein percentage in grain. The gluten percentage had a positive correlation with the temperature in May and in the third decade of July. A negative dependence of this indicator was established with precipitation in May, June and the 3rd decade of July, with the relative humidity in May, June, July (1st and 3rd decades), August (3rd decade). The pasta color was negatively dependent on precipitation and relative humidity in July (3rd decade) and August (1-2nd decades).

The stability of grain production largely depends on prevailing weather conditions and cultivation technology. It also depends on the ability of the variety to maintain a high-level yield and grain quality under adverse environmental conditions. The study aims to determine the adaptive properties and genotype-medium interactions in yield formation in spring durum wheat lines. The authors conducted field research in 2019-2021 based on the breeding rotation of the durum wheat breeding laboratory of the FSBSI Omsk Research Center. The authors also conducted research at a seed production site in the steppe zone in the village of Novouralskiy, Tavrinsky district, Omsk region. Competitive varietal trials were laid on the pure pairing of 40 numbers and three registry varieties. The area of the plots was ten m², the repetition was double, and the placement was randomized. Weather conditions were contrasting both in terms of precipitation and temperature regime. Atypical meteorological conditions prevailed in 2019: favorable in the first vegetation period and drought conditions in the second (Volga type of drought). Drought conditions were observed throughout the summer of 2020. The most unfavorable conditions for grain filling and ripening occurred in 2021. Ecological plasticity parameters were calculated according to S.A. Eberhart and W.A. Russel. AMMI-analysis (additive main effect and multiplicative interaction) were determined according to R.W Zobel et al. The analysis showed the effectiveness of differentiation of genotype response to the environment by AMMI-analysis and the model of S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russell. At the same time, AMMI analysis with graphs was more informative. The varieties Gordeiforme 11-70-7-7, Gordeiforme 11-47-1, and Gordeiforme 11-49-1-1 proved to be most responsive to changing growing conditions. The genotypes Gordeiforme 14-83-1, Gordeiforme 13-18-3, and Gordeiforme 13-37-2 stably form high productivity. The line of the variety Gordeiforme 12-11-7 has the least interaction between genotype and environment.