Development of Sri Lankan Natural Vein Graphite as Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Rechargeable Batteries

Amaraweera, T. H. N. G.; Balasooriya, N.W.B.; Wijayasinghe, H.W.M.A.C.; Attanayaka, A. N. B.; Dissanayake, M.A.K.L.; Mellander, Bengt-Erik

doi:10.3850/978-981-09-1137-9_039

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…FT-IR spectra of NPG variety of vein graphite before and after the mild oxidation are shown in Fig 1. The vibrational bands correspond to ν C=O stretching at 1720-1680 cm -1 , ν O-H stretching at 1360 cm -1 and ν C-O stretching at 1260-1000 cm -1 are predominant in the mildly oxidized graphite surface (Ein-Eli and Koch, 1997). These bands are very similar to those published in earlier (Amaraweera et al, 2014(Amaraweera et al, , 2018. Therefore, the FT-IR spectra of four morphological varieties confirm the formation of acidic groups or an oxidized layer on the surface of vein graphite after the mild oxidation with H 2 O 2 .…”

Section: Surface Modification Of Vein Graphitesupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The intensity of absorption peaks representing carbonyl groups and C-O acid group of mildly oxidized vein graphite with H 2 O 2 is relatively weak compared to that of mild oxidized vein graphite with (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 (Amaraweera et al, 2013(Amaraweera et al, , 2014(Amaraweera et al, , 2018. This may be due to the weak oxidation ability of As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Surface Modification Of Vein Graphitementioning

confidence: 90%

“…This may be due to the weak oxidation ability of As shown in Fig. 2, the purely hexagonal structure of graphite samples could be maintained during the oxidation reaction with H 2 O 2 similar to other strong chemical oxidants such as (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 , HNO 3 and HF (Ein-Eli and Koch, 1997;Wu et al, 2002Xiaowei et al, 2004;Balasooriya et al, 2006;Fu et al, 2006;Amaraweera et al, 2014Amaraweera et al, , 2018Hewathilake et al, 2017). Further, mild oxidation process did not involve the formation of an intermediary graphite intercalation compound or other secondary phases (JCPDS: 75-1621).…”

Section: Surface Modification Of Vein Graphitementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Use of strong chemical oxidants such as (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 , HNO 3 and HF is identified as a successful method for surface modification of natural graphite (Ein-Eli and Koch, 1997;Wu et al, 2002Xiaowei et al, 2004;Balasooriya et al, 2006;Fu et al, 2006;Amaraweera et al, 2014Amaraweera et al, , 2018Hewathilake et al, 2017). Those strong chemicals are hazardous and highly toxic substances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Preparation of vein graphite anode materials by eco-friendly mild oxidation, for lithium-ion rechargeable batteries

Amaraweera

Pynthamil

Wijayasinghe

et al. 2019

J. Geol. Soc. Sri Lanka

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vein graphite with high purity and crystallinity has been identified as a cost-effective source to produce anode material. High anisotropy of graphite surface and impurities in trace levels cause profound alteration of electrochemical activities in Lithium-ion Rechargeable Batteries (LIBs). Surface modification with strong chemical oxidant such as (NH 4) 2 S 2 O 8 , HNO 3 and HF, which are highly toxic and hazardous is identified as a successful method to modify the graphite as an anode material. Therefore, an eco-friendly approach to modify the vein graphite surface was investigated in this study. Purified needle platy graphite was treated with H 2 O 2 solution at 60°C for 24 hours. FT-IR spectra and Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns oxidized graphite indicate the formation of acidic groups or an oxidized layer without affecting the crystallographic structure of graphite due to mild oxidation with H 2 O 2. In addition, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) images provided results suggesting that the oxidation eliminates some reactive structural defects in vein graphite. The electrochemical properties of the graphite electrodes were studied with the assembled CR 2032 coin cells. The charge, discharge study of the assembled cells , carried out at C/5 rate with a cutoff voltage of 0.002-1.5 V at room temperature indicate a considerable improvement in the overall electrochemical performance of the graphite electrode material prepared by mild oxidation using H 2 O 2 as the oxidant. This enhancement of electrochemical performance may results due to the improved graphite surface structure formed by the H 2 O 2 mild oxidation process used in this study. Mild oxidation of vein graphite with H 2 O 2 is ecofriendly and cost-effective method since water is the by-product of the oxidation process carried out at low temperature.

show abstract

Section: Surface Modification Of Vein Graphitesupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Surface Modification Of Vein Graphitementioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Surface Modification Of Vein Graphitementioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Preparation of vein graphite anode materials by eco-friendly mild oxidation, for lithium-ion rechargeable batteries

Amaraweera

Pynthamil

Wijayasinghe

et al. 2019

J. Geol. Soc. Sri Lanka

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A maximum of one lithium per six carbons (LiC6) is expected to be intercalated under ambient conditions in the van der Waals gaps above and below a carbon hexagon (Hewathilake et al, 2017). As a result, its theoretical capacity in LIBs is 372 mAh g-1 vs. Li/Li+ (Amaraweera et al, 2014;Balasooriya et al, 2006;Hewathilake et al, 2017;Yang et al, 2020). There is a likelihood of increasing the energy density of LIB, if the graphite anode can be modified to intercalate more Li + ions into its domain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide Through Microwave Irradiation of Graphene Oxide Derived from Vein Graphite for the Anode Application in Li-Ion Rechargeable Batteries

Kanagaratnam

Amaraweera

Balasooriya

et al. 2021

J. Geol. Soc. Sri Lanka

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Among several methods being pursued to synthesize graphene, thermal reduction of Graphene Oxide (GO) has been identified as a straightforward and highly efficient method for scalable graphene production. However, high energy consumption is a significant limitation faced by this method. Microwaves, an alternative energy input source, have been widely used in many technological fields. Although graphene is an excellent microwave absorbent, GO has a poor microwave absorption capacity. Therefore, it needs a microwave absorbent like graphene to carry out the microwave reduction of Graphene Oxide. Therefore, the objective of this study is to synthesize reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) using purified Sri Lankan vein graphite as the starting material through microwave irradiation without the use of a microwave absorbent such as graphene. First, Graphene Oxide was prepared using Tour's method, and Graphite Oxide Intermediate (GOI) was collected before washing and neutralizing the product. It was then treated separately in a domestic microwave oven at 900W power for 15 and 20 minutes. GOI turned black from brown after microwave irradiation took place for 20 min. The reduction of functional gr oups was confirmed by Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction study confirmed the formation of the reduced graphene oxide with the significant peak doo2 reappearing at 24.95 •, corresponding to an inter-planer spacing of0.365 nm, which is comparable to that of the thermally reduced graphene oxide. Scanning electron microscopic analysis showed evidences of the existence ofan expanded 'worm-like" morphology of the graphite layers. These characterizations proved that the microwave irradiation had reduced Graphene Oxide without the addition of a microwave absorbent. In an electrochemical performance investigation conducted by assembling Li-ion half-cells, the anode electrode fabricated from the synthesized microwave reduced graphene oxide material showed a promising capacity of 266. 7 mAh g-1 Vs. Li/Li + . This study revealed the ability to successfully synthesize reduced graphene oxide through microwave irradiation without using a microwave absorbent starting with natural vein graphite for the anode application in Li-ion rechargeable batteries.

show abstract

Performance of developed natural vein graphite as the anode material of rechargeable lithium ion batteries

Hewathilake

Karunarathne

Wijayasinghe

et al. 2017

Ionics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Development of Sri Lankan Natural Vein Graphite as Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Rechargeable Batteries

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Preparation of vein graphite anode materials by eco-friendly mild oxidation, for lithium-ion rechargeable batteries

Preparation of vein graphite anode materials by eco-friendly mild oxidation, for lithium-ion rechargeable batteries

Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide Through Microwave Irradiation of Graphene Oxide Derived from Vein Graphite for the Anode Application in Li-Ion Rechargeable Batteries

Performance of developed natural vein graphite as the anode material of rechargeable lithium ion batteries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About