Development of Steels Resistant to Hydrogen Induced Cracking in Wet Hydrogen Sulfide Environment

Nakai, Y.; Kurahashi, Hayao; Emi, Toshihiko; Haida, Osamu

doi:10.2355/isijinternational1966.19.401

Cited by 25 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Due to their severe service condition, serious quality problems frequently occur because of the inhomogeneity and instability of the hot rolling products originated from continuously cast strands. It is indicated that the Hydrogen Induced Crack (HIC) is the main reason for the corrosion damage of oil pipe steel served under hydrogenating environment . It has been widely accepted that the HIC initiates at the elongated manganese sulfide inclusion and propagates along the banded structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of Spot Segregation in Continuously Cast Blooms and the Resulting Segregated Band in Oil Pipe Steels

Yuan

Peng

Geng

et al. 2017

steel research int.

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Microscopic dendritic morphology and spot segregation in continuously cast round blooms produced by different intensities of In-mold ElectromagneticStirring (M-EMS) are investigated to elucidate their effect on the segregated bands in the hot-rolled steel pipes. It is found that segregation spots mainly exist in the center equiaxed crystal zone of round blooms. The ratio of the equiaxed crystal zone area (E.R.) increases with the increase of the M-EMS intensity. Moreover, the ratio of the total segregation spots area (S.R.) becomes larger with the increase of E.R. After hot deformation, the segregation spots are plastically deformed to form segregate bands in steel pipes. Both the number and the width of the segregated bands increase with the S.R. in round blooms. The severe segregation of Mo, Mn, and Cr in the segregated bands is in accordance with that in the spot segregation. It is necessary to control the degree of the spot segregation in as-cast products to suppress the formation of the segregated bands in oil pipe steels. According to the experimental results, columnar structure in round blooms is preferred to effectively reduce the degree of the spot segregation and further decreases the occurrence of the segregated bands in steel pipes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of Spot Segregation in Continuously Cast Blooms and the Resulting Segregated Band in Oil Pipe Steels

Yuan

Peng

Geng

et al. 2017

steel research int.

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“…Large inclusions such as elongated manganese sulphides and stringers of oxide increase the HICC susceptibility. 9 The concentration of impurities has also been found to increase the susceptibility of HICC. 10 Since welded pipelines exhibit different microstructures, it is important to know how hydrogen affects these different microstructural regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of gaseous hydrogen charging on the tensile properties of standard and medium Mn X70 pipeline steels

Hejazi

Całka

Dunne

et al. 2016

Materials Science and Technology

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(2016). Effect of gaseous hydrogen charging on the tensile properties of standard and medium Mn X70 pipeline steels. Materials Science and Technology, 32 (7), 675-683.Effect of gaseous hydrogen charging on the tensile properties of standard and medium Mn X70 pipeline steels AbstractThe tensile properties of two X70 steels with high (1.14 wt-%) and medium (0.5 wt-%) Mn contents have been investigated by testing at 25°C of tubular specimens charged with an internal gas pressure of 10 MPa of hydrogen or argon. The hydrogen-charged samples were additionally tested at 50 and 100°C. Tensile testing showed that the equiaxed ferrite-pearlite microstructure of higher Mn steel was most sensitive to hydrogen embrittlement and that the banded ferrite-pearlite microstructure of the higher Mn strip was more susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement than the medium Mn strip. The more highly banded ferrite-pearlite microstructure in the higher Mn steel provided numerous sites for concentration of hydrogen to levels that promoted crack initiation and growth. Test temperatures up to 100°C reduced the yield and tensile strengths, increased the total elongation and decreased the extent of hydrogen embrittlement because of enhanced dislocation mobility and less effective hydrogen trapping. Tensile testing showed that the equiaxed ferrite-pearlite microstructure of higher Mn steel was most sensitive to hydrogen embrittlement (HE) and that the banded ferrite-pearlite microstructure of the higher Mn strip was more susceptible to HE than the medium Mn strip.The more highly banded ferrite-pearlite microstructure in the higher Mn steel provided numerous sites for concentration of hydrogen to levels that promoted crack initiation and growth.Test temperatures up to 100 o C reduced the yield and tensile strengths, increased the total elongation and decreased the extent of HE because of enhanced dislocation mobility and less effective hydrogen trapping.

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“…Modifications have been made to alloying, sulphur levels, deoxidation, casting and hot rolling practices, to achieve better HIC resistance. [4][5][6] While prominent reviews of hydrogen embrittlement have been published in the past including those by Oriani 7 and Hirth, 8 the purpose of this paper is to provide a critical overview of the mechanisms of HIC in pipeline alloys, particularly in light of the desire to use higher strength pipeline steel grades to enable larger diameter and smaller thickness pipes, and identify issues that have yet to be solved. While hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility generally increases with strength, it is also sensitive to microstructural features and inclusions and thus does not always increase proportionally with strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modifications have been made to alloying, sulphur levels, deoxidation, casting and hot rolling practices, to achieve better HIC resistance. 4–6…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Assessment 17: Mechanisms of hydrogen induced cracking in pipeline steels

Findley

O’Brien

Nako

2015

Materials Science and Technology

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Hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) remains a prominent issue for oil and gas exploration in challenging environments. This assessment discusses HIC in light of hydrogen transport through pipeline steel microstructures and crack initiation and propagation processes. While there has been significant research in hydrogen permeation through steel alloys, additional understanding is necessary in microstructures specific to pipeline steels. Furthermore, a standard model for crack initiation and propagation processes needs to be established; a fracture mechanics based model, which has been used by some researchers, is presented in the present paper to predict crack propagation. Advanced characterisation techniques can help elucidate mechanisms of hydrogen induced crack growth. Ultimately, linking hydrogen transport and cracking processes during HIC will enable optimised alloy and microstructure design.

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Development of Steels Resistant to Hydrogen Induced Cracking in Wet Hydrogen Sulfide Environment

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Behavior of Spot Segregation in Continuously Cast Blooms and the Resulting Segregated Band in Oil Pipe Steels

Behavior of Spot Segregation in Continuously Cast Blooms and the Resulting Segregated Band in Oil Pipe Steels

Effect of gaseous hydrogen charging on the tensile properties of standard and medium Mn X70 pipeline steels

Critical Assessment 17: Mechanisms of hydrogen induced cracking in pipeline steels

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