Development of the 5kW<sub>e</sub> SteelCell® Technology Platform for Stationary Power and Transport Applications

Ballard, Andrew; Domanski, Tomasz; Rees, Lee; Nobbs, C.G.; Lawrence, Nick; Heffer, Kevin; Harman, Jon; Evans, Chris; Barnard, Paul; Mukerjee, Subhasish; Selby, Mark

doi:10.1149/09101.0117ecst

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…固体氧化物燃料电池(Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, SOFC) 可以通过电化学过程将燃料的化学能直接转化为电能, 在分布式发电系统 [1][2] 、动力电源 [3][4] 和大型电站 [5][6] 等领域具有广阔的应用前景, 目前已在日本 [7][8] 、欧洲 [9][10] 及美国 [11] 等地区得到了一些示范应用. 理论上 SOFC 的发电效率不受卡诺循环最高效率的限制, 与热机相比具有明显的优势.…”

Section: 引言unclassified

Study of Operating Conditions for High Efficiency and Anode Safety of Industrial-Size Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

Wang¹,

Li²,

Lyu³

et al. 2022

Acta Chimica Sinica

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Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has been regarded as one of the promising energy conversion technologies since it provides higher efficiency and lower pollution than conventional power systems. How to improve the SOFC efficiency is one of the focus issues in both industry and academia. Besides, when industrial-size SOFC is operated at high fuel utilization (Ufuel) to achieve high efficiency, the Ni anode in the downstream region may be locally oxidized due to the high oxygen partial pressure. Thus, operating conditions for both high efficiency and anode safety are required. In this work, a method for the measurement and evaluation of SOFC efficiency was established. By comparing the test results under different conditions (current, fuel flow rate, and temperature) with high fuel utilization, it was found that at the same fuel utilization, the voltage decreased as the current increased. Therefore, the lower current is beneficial for higher efficiency, while the higher current is beneficial for higher power. The relationship between voltage fluctuation and local oxidation of anode during operation at high fuel utilization was also studied. After analyzing the critical condition of Ni oxidation, the cell output voltage higher than the critical electromotive force of Ni oxidation was proposed as the safe operating condition to prevent local oxidation of anode. Based on the cell samples and test parameters used in this work, it was found a high efficiency of over 50% was corresponding to the fuel utilization range of 77% to 90%. And the maximum electrical efficiency was always corresponding to Ufuel＝87.10%. Although the operating conditions corresponding to the maximum efficiency of SOFC cells or stacks with different materials, structures, and fabrication processes may vary, the measurement and evaluation methods, as well as the judgment of the safe operating condition proposed in this study, are still helpful. In practical application, the operating conditions could be determined based on such testing results according to the importance of efficiency, power and long-term stability. Keywords solid oxide fuel cell; high efficiency; high fuel utilization; local oxidation of anode; safe operating condition

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Section: 引言unclassified

Study of Operating Conditions for High Efficiency and Anode Safety of Industrial-Size Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

Wang¹,

Li²,

Lyu³

et al. 2022

Acta Chimica Sinica

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“…In fact, since 2009, there have been several examples of SOFCs being used in electric hybrid solutions as range extenders powering a battery or as auxiliary power units (APUs) supplying electricity for on-board services. Those projects involved major automotive and powertrain development companies like Delphi, , Nissan, Volvo, Weichai Power, and AVL List GmbH, , along with SOFC stack manufacturers like Ceres Power ,, and Sunfire . SOFC systems have also been considered for aircraft and maritime applications .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Performance to Re-evaluate Its Role in the Mobility Sector

et al. 2021

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A sustainable, interconnected, and smart energy network in which hydrogen plays a major role cannot be dismissed as a utopia anymore. There are vast international and industrial ambitions to reach the envisioned system transformation, and the decarbonization of the mobility sector is a central pillar comprising a huge economic share. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are one of the most promising technologies in the brigade of clean energy devices and have potentially wide applicability for transportation, due to their high efficiencies and impurity tolerance. To uncover future pathways to boost the cell's performance, we propose a detailed multiscale modeling methodology to evaluate the direct impact of cell materials and morphologies on commercial-scale system performance. After acquiring intrinsic electrokinetics decoupled from mass and charge transport of different anode and cathode materials via a half-cell model, a full cell model is employed to identify the most promising electrode combination. Subsequently, a scale-up to the system level is performed by coupling a 3-D kW-stack model to the balance of plant components while focusing on morphological optimization of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). On optimally tailoring the MEA, model results demonstrate that an advanced cell design comprising a Ni fiber-CGO matrix structured anode and a LSCF-infiltrated CGO cathode could reach a stack power density of 1.85 kW L −1 and a net system efficiency of 52.2% for operation at <700 °C, with manageable stack temperature gradients of <14 K cm −1 . The modeloptimized power density is substantially higher than those of commercial stacks and surpasses industrial targets for SOFC-based range extenders. Thus, with further cell and stack development targeting the performance limiting processes elucidated in the paper, commercial SOFCs could, alongside range extenders, also act as prime movers in larger scale transport applications such as trucks, trains, and ships.

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“…Hence, the module is expected to generate power highly efficiently at high fuel utilization rate. In actual, anode off-gas recycling SOFC systems were developed and high-efficiency power generation was reported (5)(6). Furthermore, anode off-gas recycling SOFC systems have the advantage of not requiring the addition of reforming H 2 O because H 2 O is contained in the recycled anode off-gas (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic Study of Anode Off-Gas Recycling Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Module with Fuel Regenerator

et al. 2021

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A model of an anode off-gas recycling solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) module with a fuel regenerator was studied. The net alternating current (AC) efficiency was estimated by calculating the fuel concentration of the anode gas and the oxygen concentration of the cathode gas using a process simulation software. The results showed that a maximum net AC efficiency of 76.4% (lower heating value (LHV)) was achieved with recycling and fuel utilization rates of 99.0% and 100.0% CO2 and 43.4% H2O removal by the fuel regenerator. CO2 capture of 98.5% was also attained under the condition. These results showed that an anode off-gas recycling SOFC module can realize high performance in terms of both electrical efficiency and CO2 capture when a fuel regenerator is coupled with CO2 removal.

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Development of the 5kW_e SteelCell® Technology Platform for Stationary Power and Transport Applications

Cited by 12 publications

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Study of Operating Conditions for High Efficiency and Anode Safety of Industrial-Size Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

Study of Operating Conditions for High Efficiency and Anode Safety of Industrial-Size Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

Optimizing Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Performance to Re-evaluate Its Role in the Mobility Sector

Basic Study of Anode Off-Gas Recycling Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Module with Fuel Regenerator

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Development of the 5kWe SteelCell® Technology Platform for Stationary Power and Transport Applications

Cited by 12 publications

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Study of Operating Conditions for High Efficiency and Anode Safety of Industrial-Size Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

Study of Operating Conditions for High Efficiency and Anode Safety of Industrial-Size Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

Optimizing Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Performance to Re-evaluate Its Role in the Mobility Sector

Basic Study of Anode Off-Gas Recycling Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Module with Fuel Regenerator

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Development of the 5kW_e SteelCell® Technology Platform for Stationary Power and Transport Applications