Development of the Concept of Space up to Newton

Capecchi, Danilo

doi:10.3390/encyclopedia2030104

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Throughout history, our notion of space and time has undergone dramatic transformations. Following the intuitive view of Euclid, Newton concluded that the external to the observer space is infinite, isotropic, uniform, perfectly penetrable, and immovable (i.e., absolute quantity), where he located the relative motion and studied its variation [42,43]. The Galilean principle of relativity formulated the first deviation from the intuitive interpretation of space and time.…”

Section: Space Time Symmetry and Relativitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enigma of Pyramidal Neurons: Chirality-Centric View on Biological Evolution. Congruence to Molecular, Cellular, Physiological, Cognitive, and Psychological Functions

Dyakin,

Dyakina-Fagnano

2024

Symmetry

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The mechanism of brain information processing unfolds within spatial and temporal domains inherently linked to the concept of space–time symmetry. Biological evolution, beginning with the prevalent molecular chirality, results in the handedness of human cognitive and psychological functions (the phenomena known as biochirality). The key element in the chain of chirality transfer from the downstream to upstream processes is the pyramidal neuron (PyrN) morphology–function paradigm (archetype). The most apparent landmark of PyrNs is the geometry of the cell soma. However, “why/how PyrN’s soma gains the shape of quasi-tetrahedral symmetry” has never been explicitly articulated. Resolving the above inquiry is only possible based on the broad-view assumption that encoding 3D space requires specific 3D geometry of the neuronal detector and corresponding network. Accordingly, our hypothesis states that if the primary function of PyrNs, at the organism level, is sensory space symmetry perception, then the pyramidal shape of soma is the best evolutionary-selected geometry to support sensory-motor coupling. The biological system’s non-equilibrium (NE) state is fundamentally linked to an asymmetric, non-racemic, steady state of molecular constituents. The chiral theory of pyramidal soma shape conceptually agrees that living systems have evolved as non-equilibrium systems that exchange energy with the environment. The molecular mechanism involved in developing PyrN’s soma is studied in detail. However, the crucial missing element—the reference to the fundamental link between molecular chirality and the function of spatial navigation—is the main obstacle to resolving the question in demand: why did PyrNs’ soma gain the shape of quasi-tetrahedral symmetry?

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Section: Space Time Symmetry and Relativitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enigma of Pyramidal Neurons: Chirality-Centric View on Biological Evolution. Congruence to Molecular, Cellular, Physiological, Cognitive, and Psychological Functions

Dyakin,

Dyakina-Fagnano

2024

Symmetry

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“…Following the intuitive view of Euclid and Galilei. Newton concluded that the external to the observer space is infinite, isotropic, uniform, perfectly penetrable, and immovable, where he located the relative motion and studied its variation [30,31]. The frequently discussed mystery of biological chirality [32] arose from the combination of intuitive illusions.…”

Section: Molecular Chiralitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enigma of Pyramidal Neurons: Congruence to Molecular, Cellular, Physiological, Cognitive and Psychological Function

Dyakin¹

2023

Preprint

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In bilaterians organism, the signaling of pyramidal neurons (PyrNs) is linked to the relative (prevalent) molecular chirality and physiological, perceptual, cognitive, and psychological functions and dysfunctions, providing the coupling of the central nervous system downstream and upstream evolutionary and developmental processes. The most apparent and discriminating morphological specificity of PyrNs is the geometry of the cell body. However, the question "why/how PyrNs soma gains the shape of quasi-tetrahedral symmetry" has never been explicitly articulated. If the basic function of PyrNs is sensory space perception, supporting the orientation, and movement coordination, then the pyramidal shape of soma is the best evolutionary-selected geometry to perform sensory-motor coupling. In biology, the impact of chiral symmetry (handedness) is evident at all levels of biological organization, from the prevalent symmetry of biological molecules to the morphology and function of bilateral organisms. How the tetrahedral symmetry of biomolecules is linked to the morphology and functions of bilateral organisms remains a challenging question. Cell chirality represents an intermediate point connecting two poles of biochirality. In this holistic perspective, examining the PyrNs' morphology-circuitry-function link is crucial to understanding the complex interaction between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors in the evolution of the CNS. The predictive power of our hypothesis can be partially expressed by the statement that the most integral and reliable biomarker of the neurodegenerative (including aging) and mental (including all variants of psychiatric illness) disorders would be the detection of the hemispheric asymmetry of D-amino acids (D-AAs) level in pyramidal neurons (PyrNs).

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“…where Γ is the integration constant having dimension [length 2 /time] and the denominator Σ(ν, t, σ) has a view…”

Section: The Quantum-mechanical Navier-stokes Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…What is space, time, and matter motion? This question has accompanied humanity since antiquity [2]. The contrary views about space and time have developed in the form of two dialectical opposite ideas, later known as the Democritus-Newton and conceptions [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Louis de Broglie Double Solution Theory Confirms the Wave-Particle Duality Principle

Sbitnev

2023

Preprint

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Louis de Broglie in the beginning 20th century voices his theory of a double solution, according to which a pilot wave accompanies a particle, simulated as a point singularity, along the most optimal path from its creation on a source up to the detection. The pilot wave is a real hidden wave, which is similar to the wave function resulting from the solution of the Schrödinger equation. This theory is in agreement with de Broglie’s postulate about the matter waves. In this article we are based on the Helmholtz decomposition theorem according to which any velocity may be represented as a sum of two velocities – irrotational and solenoidal ones. The first velocity stems from the gradient of the scalar field. The second occurs from a pseudo-vector field. We proclaim that the gradients of the scalar field define guiding paths of the pilot wave. While the pseudo-vector field defines a particle solenoidal filling. We give mathematical models of the irrotational and solenoidal flows simulating the position of a particle in a guiding wave. Modified Navier-Stokes equation in pair with the continuity equation resulting in the Schrödinger equation gives such solutions consisting of superposition of the irrotational and solenoidal flow. It is declared that the guiding wave forms from the irrotational flows. In turn, the solenoidal flows underlie forming particles that travel along optimal paths slave by the guiding wave. There are described mathematical solutions of the spherical particle washed by the superfluid representing the guiding wave along which it travels.

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Development of the Concept of Space up to Newton

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

Enigma of Pyramidal Neurons: Chirality-Centric View on Biological Evolution. Congruence to Molecular, Cellular, Physiological, Cognitive, and Psychological Functions

Enigma of Pyramidal Neurons: Chirality-Centric View on Biological Evolution. Congruence to Molecular, Cellular, Physiological, Cognitive, and Psychological Functions

Enigma of Pyramidal Neurons: Congruence to Molecular, Cellular, Physiological, Cognitive and Psychological Function

Louis de Broglie Double Solution Theory Confirms the Wave-Particle Duality Principle

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