Development of the Conceptualization of Pain Questionnaire: A Measure to Study How Children Conceptualize Pain

Salvat, Isabel; Adillón, Cristina; Andrés, Eva; Monterde, Sónia; Miró, Jordi

doi:10.3390/ijerph18073821

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Other authors have also explored beliefs about pain and coping strategies through interviews or questionnaires [ 26 , 27 ]. In the same vein, recent research has also developed questionnaires to quantitatively assess the conceptualization of pain in childhood and adolescence [ 28 , 29 ]. Inquiring into this conceptualization is particularly useful as it investigates how the child understands what pain is and the processes underlying it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expressed Beliefs about the Cause of Pain in a Pediatric Population: A Qualitative Study

2023

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(1) Background: The aims of this study are to explore what beliefs children and adolescents manifest about the cause of the pain they describe, to compare whether there are differences between beliefs by age and the persistence of pain, and to relate the explanations of the cause of pain with current scientific evidence. (2) Methods: a cross-sectional qualitative study was used. The primary endpoint of the study was obtaining explanations of the cause of pain recorded by means of an open-ended question. The participants were school-age children attending a charted school in the province of Barcelona. (3) Results: The children and adolescents proposed a diverse range of explanations for the cause of pain that they reported in their responses. The most frequent explanation for the cause of pain were pathologies and injuries (45.95%), ergonomic issues (22.60%) and psychological issues (15.95%). (4) Conclusions: There is a lot of variety in the explanations that young people give about the cause of their pain in schoolchildren aged between 10 and 16 years old. There exists a high prevalence of explanations non-associated with tissue damage (ENAD) concerning the causes of pain described. It is necessary that future health prevention programs dedicated to early ages consider which beliefs about the cause of pain are the most frequent in the pediatric population.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expressed Beliefs about the Cause of Pain in a Pediatric Population: A Qualitative Study

2023

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“…The Pain Perception Questionnaire for Young People (PPQ-YP) is designed for 10-to 16year-old children but was tested exclusively in adolescents with secondary chronic pain due to juvenile arthritis [15]. The Conceptualization of Pain Questionnaire (COPAQ) [27] includes 15 items for 8-to 17-year-old children to assess their concepts of pain. The Concept of Pain Inventory (COPI) by Pate et al [28] includes 14 items for an age range between 8 and 12 years and covers biological and psychological aspects of chronic pain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Know Pain, No Pain? Preliminary Testing and Application of a New Tool to Assess Biopsychosocial Pain Concepts in Children

et al. 2023

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To deliver tailored pain science education, assessing children’s biopsychosocial pain concepts is necessary. As validated tools are lacking, a new tool is presented, the biopsychosocial pain concept matrix (BiPS matrix), which assesses children’s biological, psychological, and social pain concepts in five domains according to the Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation (Hagger and Orbell, 2003): (1) illness identity, (2) causes, (3) consequences, (4) duration, and (5) treatment. The present preliminary study aims to (1) assess the items’ readability and understandability in cognitive interviews with N = 9 healthy children (9 to 19 years, M = 13.78 years, SD = 3.05; 44% female) and (2) pre-test the BiPS matrix within an online survey of N = 27 healthy children (9 to 19 years, M = 13.76 years, SD = 3.03; 56% female). Results revealed difficulties in understanding some items. Children’s understanding increased with age. Age, chronic pain status, and pain in the social environment were positively associated with the BiPS total score, whereas the latter explained the most variance in pain concepts of children. Patient-focused methods such as cognitive interviews proved essential in testing the readability and understanding of items in children. Future studies are warranted to further validate the BiPS matrix.

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Exploring Adolescents' Understanding, Experiences and Beliefs About Pain: A Qualitative Study

Bogard,

Ayre,

Smith

et al. 2024

Health Expectations

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BackgroundPain is prevalent across the lifespan and contributes to significant societal and economic burdens. The public often holds misconceptions about pain and pain management. Despite this, there are no well‐resourced public health initiatives delivering information about pain and pain management to the public. Adolescence is an opportune time to educate the public about pain. Health interventions designed for adolescents should reflect their understanding, beliefs and experiences; however, no studies explore this in non‐clinical populations of adolescents. We aimed to explore adolescents' understanding, experiences and beliefs about pain to inform the development of a school‐based pain education module.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured interviews with 25 adolescents in grades 7–10 (ages 11–16) attending Australian secondary schools. Interviews were conducted on video‐conferencing software, audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using Framework Analysis.ResultsWe generated three themes: (i) physical and psychological pain are distinct, (ii) psychological and contextual factors influence how someone feels or reacts to physical pain and (iii) physical pain matters if it impacts participation in meaningful activities.ConclusionsAdolescents' understanding and beliefs about pain do not always align with current scientific understanding of pain. School‐based pain education programmes should target these areas of misalignment. Addressing adolescents' misconceptions about pain through pain education could also create a more supportive school environment for adolescents experiencing pain. Interactive approaches to learning, such as discussions that encourage adolescents to reflect on their experiences of pain, could be a promising avenue for pain education.Patient or Public ContributionTwo co‐authors are part of the study population and contributed to the study design and analysis. Their input ensured the interview guide was appropriate for the target population and provided an adolescent perspective on the findings. They were remunerated for their time in accordance with consumer involvement guidelines.

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Development of the Conceptualization of Pain Questionnaire: A Measure to Study How Children Conceptualize Pain

Cited by 3 publications

References 39 publications

Expressed Beliefs about the Cause of Pain in a Pediatric Population: A Qualitative Study

Expressed Beliefs about the Cause of Pain in a Pediatric Population: A Qualitative Study

Know Pain, No Pain? Preliminary Testing and Application of a New Tool to Assess Biopsychosocial Pain Concepts in Children

Exploring Adolescents' Understanding, Experiences and Beliefs About Pain: A Qualitative Study

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