Development of the emerging electromagnetic methods for deep earth exploration

Di, Qingyun; Xue, Guangtao; Wang, Zhongxing; An, Zhongfu; Fu, Changmin; Wang, Ruo; Lei, Da; Fayemi, Olalekan

doi:10.1111/1755-6724.14110

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Electromagnetic exploration is undertaken based on the differences in electromagnetic properties between various types of rocks and ores. By observing and analyzing the variations and distribution of electromagnetic signals in time and space, different types of useful deposits can be found (Di et al, 2019(Di et al, , 2020. The electromagnetic methods in use include magnetotelluric (MT); audio frequency magnetotelluric; controlled source audio frequency magnetotelluric (CSAMT); transient electromagnetic (TEM); wide area electromagnetic (WFEM); pseudo-random electromagnetic; ground-penetrating radar; and low frequency electromagnetic.…”

Section: Detection Methods For the Ore Concentration Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Summary of technology for a comprehensive geophysical exploration of gold mine in North China Craton

Xue

Lei

et al. 2021

Sci. China Earth Sci.

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The North China Craton is the oldest continental block, and has suffered from large-scale lithospheric thinning and destruction, which in turn led to gold deposits in northern China. The decratonic gold deposits in the North China Craton became the most important gold deposits in China, and geophysical methods are key means to detect and discover gold deposits there. In this paper, based on the geological and petrophysical characteristics of the North China Craton, the geological model of the decratonic gold deposits is transformed into a geophysical model. At present, two methods of geophysical exploration of decratonic gold deposits are in use: rapid and efficient exploration on the scale of the ore concentration area, and large depth exploration on the scale of the deposit area. In detail, the airborne electromagnetic, magnetic and gravity methods are used to detect the shallow (1,500 m) anomaly area on the scale of the ore concentration area. Through the ground-controlled source electromagnetic and ground magnetotelluric methods, explorations for targets at significant depth (5,000 m) are carried out in the mining area. Then, taking the Liaodong ore concentration area as an example, geophysical methods are used to discover two prospecting areas around the Jianshanzi Fault in the Qingchengzi ore concentration area, Baiyun-Xiaotongjiapuzi deep prospecting area, and Qingchengzi deep prospecting area. Next, three prospecting areas are delineated around the Jixingou Fault in the Wulong mining area, Wulong deep prospecting area, Weishagou deep prospecting area, and Chang'an deep prospecting area. The anomalies in the ore concentration area and mining area are revealed by means of three-dimensional exploration methods, thereby providing technical support for the exploration of metal minerals such as decratonic gold deposits.

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Section: Detection Methods For the Ore Concentration Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Summary of technology for a comprehensive geophysical exploration of gold mine in North China Craton

Xue

Lei

et al. 2021

Sci. China Earth Sci.

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“…The electromagnetic method plays an important role in mineral exploration and has been widely used in searching for metal resources such as gold, copper, molybdenum, lead-zinc, bauxite, and uranium [42][43][44]. In this paper, detailed field geological surveys and AMT survey were carried out to investigate the Jianbeigou gold deposit in the Qinling metallogenic belt.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the AMT Method to Gold Deposits: A Case Study in the Qinling Metallogenic Belt of North China Craton

Zeng

Zhu

et al. 2021

Minerals

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The Lushi gold polymetallic ore-concentration area, located in the southern margin of North China Craton, is an important polymetallic ore district in the Qinling metallogenic belt. The Jianbeigou gold deposit is an important quartz vein type gold deposit in this district. In order to reveal the geological structure of the Jianbeigou gold deposit to guide deep prospecting, the EH4 conductivity image system was used in the Jianbeigou area. The sections obtained by the audio magnetotellurics method (AMT) indicate that the steeply dipping low resistivity zone in the area has a good corresponding relationship with the location of the known shallow ore bodies, and an extension in the deep. The low resistivity anomaly zone obtained by the inversion results are well correlated with the gold mineralization zone of the ore bodies, indicating good deep prospecting and exploration potential in this area. Based on geological and geophysical evidences, this paper inferred the possible occurrence location and depth range of the buried ore bodies. The AMT survey results reflect good exploration potential of the mining area and provide a geophysical basis for deep prospecting.

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“…The actual depth of investigation of the CSAMT method depends on the resistivity structure of the survey area (for the geological environment of China, the depth of investigation of the CSAMT method is usually <1.5 km). With the gradual depletion of shallow resources, demand has become increasingly high for exploration methods with larger depth of investigation [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into skywave theory and breakthrough applications in resource exploration

Xue

et al. 2021

National Science Review

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Skywave refers to the electromagnetic wave reflected or refracted from the ionosphere and propagate in the form of a guided wave between the ionosphere and the Earth's surface. Since the skywave can propagate over large distances, it has been widely used in long-distance communication. This paper explores and demonstrates the feasibility of skywave for deep resource and energy exploration at depths up to 10 km. Theoretical and technical advancements were accomplished in furthering the skywave applications. A new solution method based on Green's function has been developed to study skywave propagation in a fully coupled lithosphere-air-ionosphere full space model. The model allows one, for the first time, to study skywave distribution characteristics in the lithosphere containing inhomogeneity such as ore deposits or oil and gas reservoirs. This model also lays a foundation for skywave data processing and interpretation. On a parallel line, we have developed a multi-channel, broadband, low-noise, portable data acquisition system suitable for receiving skywave signals. Using the skywave field excited by a high-power fixed source located in the central China, actual field surveys have been carried out in some areas in China including the Biyang depression of Henan Province. The initial results appear encouraging – The interpreted resistivity models prove to be consistent with those of seismic exploration and known geological information, and the exploration cost is only about 1/4 to 1/10 of seismic surveys. These initial successful applications of the skywave theory lay a solid foundation for further verification of the new method.

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Development of the emerging electromagnetic methods for deep earth exploration

Cited by 18 publications

References 3 publications

Summary of technology for a comprehensive geophysical exploration of gold mine in North China Craton

Summary of technology for a comprehensive geophysical exploration of gold mine in North China Craton

Application of the AMT Method to Gold Deposits: A Case Study in the Qinling Metallogenic Belt of North China Craton

Insight into skywave theory and breakthrough applications in resource exploration

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