Development of the Italian version of the 42-item Chronic Pain Coping Inventory, CPCI-I: cross-cultural adaptation, factor analysis, reliability and validity

Abstract

The CPCI was successfully translated into Italian and proved to have a good factorial structure and psychometric properties similar to the original and adapted versions. The use of the Italian version of the CPCI is recommended for clinical and research purposes.

The Italian version of the Pain Beliefs and Perceptions Inventory: cross-cultural adaptation, factor analysis, reliability and validity

“…This was investigated by testing the hypotheses using outcome measures as detailed below [10]. It was hypothesized a priori there would be moderate correlations between the PBAPI subscales eventually resulting from the factor analysis and a measure of pain intensity, the 0-10 numerical rating scale (NRS) [11], a measure of disability, the Italian version of the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) [12], a measure of catastrophizing, the Italian version of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) [13] and a measure of kinesiophobia, the Italian version of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) [14]; moderate-poor correlations with a measure of mood disorders, the Italian version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score (HADS) [15]; and moderate-poor correlations with a measure of coping, the Italian version of the Chronic Pain Coping Inventory (CPCI) [16] (moderate with maladaptive and poor with adaptive strategies). Pearson's correlations: r \ 0.30 = low; 0.30 \ r \ 0.60 = moderate; r [ 0.60 = high.…”

“…Faccia semplicemente un cerchio attorno al quadrato che corrisponde al suo livello di accordo. * item inverso (totale accordo = -2; parziale accordo = -1; parziale disaccordo = 1; totale disaccordo = 2) Domini Stabilità del dolore (3,6,10,16,2,5,9,12,15): …; Il dolore come un mistero (1,4,8,14): … Autocolpevolizzazione (7,11,13): ……”

The 27‐Item Coping Strategies Questionnaire — Revised: Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Reliability and Validity in Italian‐Speaking Subjects with Chronic Pain

“…It was hypothesised a priori that the CSQ-Revised maladaptive strategies (ie, Catastrophizing and Praying) would be statistically significantly and positively related to a measure of pain intensity (the 0 to 10 numerical rating scale) (16), a measure of disability (the Italian version of the Sickness Impact Profile -Roland scale) (17), and a measure of depression (the Italian version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies -Depression Scale) (18). It was also hypothesised that the CSQ-Revised maladaptive strategies would be statistically significantly and positively related to maladaptive strategies (Guarding, Resting, Asking for assistance) of another measure of coping (the Italian version of the Chronic Pain Coping Inventory [CPCI]) (19), and that the CSQ-Revised adaptive strategies would be statistically significantly and positively related to adaptive strategies of the CPCI (Relaxation, Task persistence, Exercise/Stretch, Seeking social support and Coping self-statements). Pearson's correlation coefficients were used.…”

“…Based on the findings of the original developers, Guarding, Resting and Asking for assistance were considered to be maladaptive strategies because they are more illness-focused, while the remaining five subscales were considered to be adaptive (23). The Italian version was introduced, which has been shown to be reliable and valid (19).…”

“…Distrarsi(1,2,3,4,5): …./30 Catastrofismo(17,18,19,20,21,22): …./36 Ignorare le sensazioni dolorose:(6,7,10,11,12): …./30 Prendere le distanze dal dolore(13,14,15,16): …./24 Strategie di auto-affermazione(8,9,26,27): …./24 Pregare(23,24,25): …/18…”