Development of the Small-Scale Shock Sensitivity Test (Ssst)

Felts, Joshua; Sandusky, H. W.; Granholm, R. H.

doi:10.1063/1.3295111

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In this test, the shock reactivity (explosiveness) can be determined even below a material's critical diameter and without requiring transition to detonation. 45 Therefore, it combines the advantages of both lead block and gap test 46 requiring amounts of roughly 500 mg. In each test, the same sample Volume V S is used (284 mm 3 ).…”

Section: Small-scale Shock Reactivity Test (Ssrt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

3-(Nitromethylene)oxetane: a very versatile and promising building block for energetic oxetane based monomers

Born

Karaghiosoff²,

Göttemann

et al. 2022

Mater. Adv.

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Section: Small-scale Shock Reactivity Test (Ssrt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

3-(Nitromethylene)oxetane: a very versatile and promising building block for energetic oxetane based monomers

Born

Karaghiosoff²,

Göttemann

et al. 2022

Mater. Adv.

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“…[13] Most thermally stable 4 has also a good calculated detonation performance. In order to investigate the ignitability and explosiveness of 4, a small scale reactivity test (SSRT) [24] was performed.…”

Section: Energetic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energetic Derivatives of 4, 4′,5, 5′‐Tetranitro‐2, 2′‐bisimidazole (TNBI)

Klapötke

Preimesser

Stierstorfer

2012

Zeitschrift anorg allge chemie

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4, 4′,5, 5′‐Tetranitro‐2, 2′‐bisimidazole (TNBI) was synthesized by nitration of bisimidazole (BI) and recrystallized from acetone to form a crystalline acetone adduct. Its ammonium salt (1) was obtained by the reaction with gaseous ammonia. In order to explore new explosives or propellants several energetic nitrogen‐rich 2:1 salts such as the hydroxylammonium (3), guanidinium (4), aminoguanidinium (5), diaminoguanidinium (6) and triaminoguanidinium 7 4, 4′,5, 5′‐tetranitro‐2, 2′‐bisimidazolate were prepared by facile metathesis reactions. In addition, methylated 1, 1′‐dimethyl‐4, 4′,5, 5′‐tetranitro‐2, 2′‐bisimidazole (Me2TNBI, 8) was synthesized by the reaction of 2 and dimethyl sulfate. Metal salts of TNBI can also be easily synthesized by using the corresponding metal bases. This was proven by the synthesis of pyrotechnically relevant dipotassium 4, 4′,5, 5′‐tetranitro‐2, 2′‐bisimidazolate (2), which is a brilliant burning component e.g. in near‐infrared flares. All compounds were characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, NMR and vibrational spectroscopy, elemental analysis and DSC. The sensitivities were determined by BAM methods (drophammer and friction tester). The heats of formation were calculated using CBS‐4M electronic enthalpies and the atomization method. With these values and mostly the X‐ray densities different detonation parameters were computed by the EXPLO5 computer code. Due to the great thermal stability and calculated energetic properties, especially guanidinium salt 4 could be served as a HNS replacement.

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5,5′‐Bis(2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl)‐2,2′‐bi(1,3,4‐oxadiazole) (TKX‐55): Thermally Stable Explosive with Outstanding Properties

2016

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The novel, thermally stable explosive 5,5'-bis(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-2,2'-bi(1,3,4-oxadiazole) (TKX-55) is reported.T his compound can be prepared by means of af acile synthetic procedure and shows outstanding properties (detonation velocity, detonation pressure, sensitivity toward mechanical stimuli, and temperature of decomposition). TKX-55w as isolated and characterized by means of mass spectrometry,m ultinuclear ( 1 H, 13 C) NMR spectroscopy,a nd vibrational spectroscopy (IR and Raman). The structure in the crystalline state was determined by low-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction. From the calculated standard molar enthalpy of formation (CBS-4M) and the densities, the Chapman-Jouguet detonation properties were predicted by using the EXPLO5V 6.01 thermochemical computer code. The sensitivity of TKX-55 towards impact, friction, and electrostatic discharge was determined. Theshock reactivity (explosiveness) of TKX-55 was measuredb ya pplying the small-scale shock reactivity test.

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Development of the Small-Scale Shock Sensitivity Test (Ssst)

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

3-(Nitromethylene)oxetane: a very versatile and promising building block for energetic oxetane based monomers

3-(Nitromethylene)oxetane: a very versatile and promising building block for energetic oxetane based monomers

Energetic Derivatives of 4, 4′,5, 5′‐Tetranitro‐2, 2′‐bisimidazole (TNBI)

5,5′‐Bis(2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl)‐2,2′‐bi(1,3,4‐oxadiazole) (TKX‐55): Thermally Stable Explosive with Outstanding Properties

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