Development of the Vasculature

Schoenwolf, Gary C.; Bleyl, Steven B.; Brauer, Philip R.; Francis‐West, Philippa

doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-06811-9.10013-2

Cited by 57 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Days 21–35, the time when this case was exposed to isotretinoin in utero, are critical periods in organogenesis 7. In terms of head and neck development, the pharyngeal arches, precursors of the branchial arches begin forming on day 22, with facial formation occurring in weeks 4–10 7.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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The effects of microduplication 1q21.1 and in-utero isotretinoin exposure

Taylor¹,

Toko

2017

BMJ Case Reports

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The impact of in-utero isotretinoin exposure has been widely reported, with many affected pregnancies failing to reach term. Due to the low numbers of in-utero isotretinoin exposed pregnancies, the interactions between this drug and rare genetic defects such as microduplication 1q21.1 are unclear, particularly how they might manifest phenotypically. We present this case of in-utero isotretinoin exposure occurring in a child with microduplication 1q21.1. The child was born with congenital abnormalities which did not fit into a single syndrome. Regrettably in-utero exposure to isotretinoin continues to occur. We hope this case will trigger further discussion on the dangers of dispensing Isotretinoin without ensuring stringent pregnancy testing and its potential interaction with genetic abnormalities, in particular with microduplication 1q21.1.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In terms of head and neck development, the pharyngeal arches, precursors of the branchial arches begin forming on day 22, with facial formation occurring in weeks 4–10 7. Thus, the presence of a known teratogen during this period could have influenced branchial arch development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of microduplication 1q21.1 and in-utero isotretinoin exposure

Taylor¹,

Toko

2017

BMJ Case Reports

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“…In the representation of VI picture there is a correlation between gestational age and the development of skin. Adapted from Schoenwolf et al [3] myofibroblasts are present and there will be scarring in the case the skin being wounded [11].…”

Section: Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human fetal wound healing: a review of molecular and cellular aspects

et al. 2016

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The physiological answer to after birth skin lesions is scarring, which compromises the function and the aesthetics of the injured area. However, fetuses in early gestation (24 weeks or less) respond to this damage with skin regeneration. To explain this difference, several factors are considered, such as increased production of collagen III in fetal fibroblasts and increased presence of this collagen in the skins of these fetuses. Increased hyaluronic acid in fetal matrix correlates with greater capacity for migration of fibroblasts in scarless repair. The fact that myofibroblasts in the wound appear only after the fetal stage of pregnancy which forms scars can also be correlated. Additionally, there is an increase in the amount of adhesion molecules in repair without scarring, which would multiply cell adhesion and migration. Lower levels of bTGF1 in fetal wound are correlated with reduced amounts of collagen I and may be the result of higher relative expression of bTGF3, which downregulates bTGF1. Amniotic fluid itself might be a stimulating factor to human skin's fibroblasts proliferation through cytokines such as bFGF and PDGF. A hypoxic environment in the fetal wound, associated with increased presence of Dot cells in blood, is also observed, and both facts can be related to a difference in the repair of the skin. Distinct gene expression guides those different responses and may also help to elucidate fetal skin regeneration. When the mechanisms responsible for the absence of scars in wounded fetuses are enlightened, it will be a significant mark in the studies of wound cicatrization and its therapeutic applications shall be extremely valuable. Level of evidence: Not ratable.

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“…By the eighth gestational week, the vitelline duct and allantois as well as the right umbilical vein become obliterated 1. It is extremely rare that they persist.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is extremely rare that they persist. A persistent vitelline duct or allantois can lead to a swollen umbilical cord in the newborn1 2 or to persistent umbilical discharge and possible infection because of leakage of urine or faeces 1 3…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%