Development of transverse ridges on rock glaciers: field measurements and laboratory experiments

Kääb, Andreas; Weber, Manuel

doi:10.1002/ppp.506

Cited by 86 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Analogue experiments that model rock glacier internal deformation using Xanthan gum, sand and gravel have shown that transverse ridges are more likely to develop when heterogeneous materials are present (Kääb and Weber, 2004). Materials with heterogeneous viscosity and density yielded strong folding, while homogeneous materials yielded either no or slight folding (Kääb and Weber, 2004). Other model-derived data indicate that shearing occurs in ice-rich layers, while debris-rich layers respond to comparable stresses via brittle deformation (Moore and others, 2010).…”

Section: Heterogeneity Of Ice/debris and Glaciotectonically Altered Smentioning

confidence: 95%

“…thrust faulting or buckling due to rheological heterogeneity) (White, 1971;Loewenherz and others, 1989;Arenson and others, 2002;Fukui and others, 2007). Some researchers invoke specific endogenous processes and suggest that transverse ridges are a surface expression of thrust shearing in localized high-strain zones (White, 1971;Barsch, 1996;Arenson and others, 2002;Kääb and Weber, 2004). Upslope-dipping subsurface structures have been detected in previous ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys (Berthling and others, 2000;Fukui and others 2008), and in a few cases have been individually linked to surface ridges (Shean and Marchant, 2010;Monnier and others 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geophysical analysis of transverse ridges and internal structure at Lone Peak Rock Glacier, Big Sky, Montana, USA

Florentine¹,

Skidmore²,

Speece³

et al. 2014

J. Glaciol.

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Section: Heterogeneity Of Ice/debris and Glaciotectonically Altered Smentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geophysical analysis of transverse ridges and internal structure at Lone Peak Rock Glacier, Big Sky, Montana, USA

Florentine¹,

Skidmore²,

Speece³

et al. 2014

J. Glaciol.

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“…2). It is moving horizontally a few centimeters per year (Kääb and Weber, 2004). The ongoing movements have generated numerous flow lobes (Fig.…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the European Commission (EC)-funded Permafrost and Climate in Europe (PACE) project; Harris and others, 2003). It is now recognized that detailed knowledge of the internal structure of permafrost is required for the optimum design of hazard-mitigation measures and for the numerical modeling of the dynamic behavior of permafrost (Arenson andothers, 2002, Kääb andWeber, 2004). Diffusive electromagnetic, geoelectric, seismic and ground-penetrating radar (georadar) techniques have proven to be suitable tools for determining the internal structure of permafrost in many regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geophysical imaging of alpine rock glaciers

Maurer¹,

Hauck

2007

J. Glaciol.

128

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ABSTRACT. Slope instabilities caused by the disappearance of ice within alpine rock glaciers are an issue of increasing concern. Design of suitable counter-measures requires detailed knowledge of the internal structures of rock glaciers, which can be obtained using geophysical methods. We examine benefits and limitations of diffusive electromagnetics, geoelectrics, seismics and ground-penetrating radar (georadar) for determining the depth and lateral variability of the active layer, the distributions of ice and water, the occurrence of shear horizons and the bedrock topography. In particular, we highlight new developments in data acquisition and data analysis that allow 2-D or even 3-D structures within rock glaciers to be imaged. After describing peculiarities associated with acquiring appropriate geophysical datasets across rock glaciers and emphasizing the importance of state-of-the-art tomographic inversion algorithms, we demonstrate the applicability of 2-D imaging techniques using two case studies of rock glaciers in the eastern Swiss Alps. We present joint interpretations of geoelectric, seismic and georadar data, appropriately constrained by information extracted from boreholes. A key conclusion of our study is that the different geophysical images are largely complementary, with each image resolving a different suite of subsurface features. Based on our results, we propose a general template for the cost-effective and reliable geophysical characterization of mountain permafrost.

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“…For instance debris flows, or creep of frozen or viscous masses (Kääb and Weber, 2004). To such models close-range remote sensing techniques such as particle tracking, or laser and microwave sounders can be applied.…”

Section: Modelling Of Hazard Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote sensing of glacier- and permafrost-related hazards in high mountains: an overview

Kääb

Huggel

Fischer

et al. 2005

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

Self Cite

250

149

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Abstract. Process interactions and chain reactions, the present shift of cryospheric hazard zones due to atmospheric warming, and the potential far reach of glacier disasters make it necessary to apply modern remote sensing techniques for the assessment of glacier and permafrost hazards in highmountains. Typically, related hazard source areas are situated in remote regions, often difficult to access for physical and/or political reasons. In this contribution we provide an overview of air-and spaceborne remote sensing methods suitable for glacier and permafrost hazard assessment and disaster management. A number of image classification and change detection techniques support high-mountain hazard studies. Digital terrain models (DTMs), derived from optical stereo data, synthetic aperture radar or laserscanning, represent one of the most important data sets for investigating high-mountain processes. Fusion of satellite stereo-derived DTMs with the DTM from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) is a promising way to combine the advantages of both technologies. Large changes in terrain volume such as from avalanche deposits can indeed be measured even by repeat satellite DTMs. Multitemporal data can be used to derive surface displacements on glaciers, permafrost and landslides. Combining DTMs, results from spectral image classification, and multitemporal data from change detection and displacement measurements significantly improves the detection of hazard potentials. Modelling of hazardous processes based on geographic information systems (GIS) complements the remote sensing analyses towards an integrated assessment of glacier and permafrost hazards in mountains. Major present limitations in the application of remote sensing to glacier and permafrost hazards in mountains are, on the one hand, of technical nature (e.g. combination and fusion of different methods and data; improved unCorrespondence to: A. Kääb (kaeaeb@geo.unizh.ch) derstanding of microwave backscatter). On the other hand, better dissemination of remote sensing expertise towards institutions involved in high-mountain hazard assessment and management is needed in order to exploit the large potential of remote sensing in this field.

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Development of transverse ridges on rock glaciers: field measurements and laboratory experiments

Cited by 86 publications

References 21 publications

Geophysical analysis of transverse ridges and internal structure at Lone Peak Rock Glacier, Big Sky, Montana, USA

Geophysical analysis of transverse ridges and internal structure at Lone Peak Rock Glacier, Big Sky, Montana, USA

Geophysical imaging of alpine rock glaciers

Remote sensing of glacier- and permafrost-related hazards in high mountains: an overview

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