Development of Useful Biomaterial for Bone Tissue Engineering by Incorporating Nano-Copper-Zinc Alloy (nCuZn) in Chitosan/Gelatin/Nano-Hydroxyapatite (Ch/G/nHAp) Scaffold

Abstract

Ceramic and metallic nanoparticles can improve the mechanical and biological properties of polymeric scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (BTE). In this work, nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) and nano-copper-zinc alloy (nCuZn) were added to a chitosan/gelatin (Ch/G) scaffold in order to investigate the effects on morphological, physical, and biocompatibility properties. Scaffolds were fabricated by a freeze-drying technique using different pre-freezing temperatures. Microstructure and morphology were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), glass transition (Tg) was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), cell growth was estimated by MTT assay, and biocompatibility was examined in vitro and in vivo by histochemistry analyses. Scaffolds and nanocomposite scaffolds presented interconnected pores, high porosity, and pore size appropriate for BTE. Tg of Ch/G scaffolds was diminished by nanoparticle inclusion. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) cells loaded in the Ch/G/nHAp/nCuZn nanocomposite scaffold showed suitable behavior, based on cell adhesion, cell growth, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity as a marker of osteogenic differentiation, and histological in vitro cross sections. In vivo subcutaneous implant showed granulation tissue formation and new tissue infiltration into the scaffold. The favorable microstructure, coupled with the ability to integrate nanoparticles into the scaffold by freeze-drying technique and the biocompatibility, indicates the potential of this new material for applications in BTE.

Preparation and biological characterization of the mixture of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/chitosan/Ag nanoparticles for periodontal tissue engineering

“…Thus, by mixing different materials characterized by different properties, such as natural polymers with inorganic materials or synthetic polymers, numerous research groups have strived to design and fabricate periodontal materials for GTR/GBR with the requisite features and properties. [10][11][12] Dental plaque biofilm is considered as the initial symptom of a periodontal disease. 13 The key to successful treatment of a periodontal disease is the effective control of the dental plaque.…”

Design and fabrication of clinoptilolite–nanohydroxyapatite/chitosan–gelatin composite scaffold and evaluation of its effects on bone tissue engineering

“…The XRD pattern of the clinoptilolite appears at 2 θ values of 10.12°, 18.82°, 22.17°, 28.21°, and 20.94°. The XRD pattern of nHA/CS–G scaffold showed the peaks at 29.09° and 32.17° related to the nHA in the scaffold since these peaks were not present in the XRD pattern CS–G scaffold (Forero, Roa, Reyes, Acevedo, & Osses, ).…”

Three-Dimensional Printing Constructs Based on the Chitosan for Tissue Regeneration: State of the Art, Developing Directions and Prospect Trends

“…Altering manufacturing parameters makes it possible for stimulating natural tissues with tailored biological characteristics appropriate for the recovery of tissues. The advantages of CS are actually broadly described; among the major positive aspects of CS, one can mention the capability to modify properties such as the degradation rate by altering the degree of deacetylation and it's Mw [157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168]. Additive components are regularly incorporated into CS in an effort to enhance its printability, fidelity, or to fabricate new cell-laden matrices.…”