Development of visually evoked cortical activity in infant macaque monkeys studied longitudinally with fMRI

Kourtzi, Zoe; Augath, M; Logothetis, Nikos K.; Movshon, J. Anthony; Kiorpes, Lynne

doi:10.1016/j.mri.2005.12.025

Cited by 30 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Given that visual responses in these rostral regions are likely undeveloped early in life (e.g. [282]), the informativeness of any visual feedback from the output targets is questionable. However, the orbitofrontal and anterior insula cortex are strongly tied to gustation, olfaction, and visceral sensation (see[160, 235] for reviews), senses that are likely well formed early in life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ventral visual pathway: an expanded neural framework for the processing of object quality

Kravitz

Saleem

Baker

et al. 2013

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

1,011

794

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Since the original characterization of the ventral visual pathway our knowledge of its neuroanatomy, functional properties, and extrinsic targets has grown considerably. Here we synthesize this recent evidence and propose that the ventral pathway is best understood as a recurrent occipitotemporal network containing neural representations of object quality both utilized and constrained by at least six distinct cortical and subcortical systems. Each system serves its own specialized behavioral, cognitive, or affective function, collectively providing the raison d’etre for the ventral visual pathway. This expanded framework contrasts with the depiction of the ventral visual pathway as a largely serial staged hierarchy that culminates in singular object representations for utilization mainly by ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and, more parsimoniously than this account, incorporates attentional, contextual, and feedback effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ventral visual pathway: an expanded neural framework for the processing of object quality

Kravitz

Saleem

Baker

et al. 2013

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

1,011

794

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Formal source analysis in both infants and adults would be needed to decide which explanation is correct. More direct evidence for an immaturity in developing extra-striate cortex comes from a recent fMRI study (Kourtzi, Augath, Logothetis, Movshon & Kiorpes, 2006). Kourtzi and co-workers studied the development of visual BOLD activation longitudinally in two infant monkeys aged between 14 and 80 weeks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-temporal tuning of coherent motion evoked responses in 4–6 month old infants and adults

et al. 2009

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Motion cues provide a rich source of information about translations of the observer through the environment as well as the movements of objects and surfaces. While the direction of motion can be extracted locally these local measurements are, in general, insufficient for determining object and surface motions. To study the development of local and global motion processing mechanisms, we recorded Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs) in response to dynamic random dot displays that alternated between coherent rotational motion and random motion at 0.8 Hz. We compared the spatio-temporal tuning of the evoked response in 4-6 month old infants to that of adults by recording over a range of dot displacements and temporal update rates. Responses recorded at the frequency of the coherent motion modulation were tuned for displacement at the occipital midline in both adults in infants. Responses at lateral electrodes were tuned for speed in adults, but not in infants. Infant responses were maximal at a larger range of spatial displacement than that of adults. In contrast, responses recorded at the dot update rate showed a more similar parametric displacement tuning and scalp topography in infants and adults. Taken together, our results suggest that while local motion processing is relatively mature at 4-6 months, global integration mechanisms exhibit significant immaturities at this age.

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“…The further maturation of NOT-DTN response properties seen as increase in peak activity, shortening of visual latencies and strengthening of the input of the ipsilateral eye leading to an improvement of the mhOKR during nasotemporal stimulation can probably be attributed to the maturation of cortical areas and their projections to the NOT-DTN. The long time course might correspond to the prolonged process of myelination and local circuit formation in primate cortex as revealed histologically and with magnetic resonance imaging (Rodman, 1994;Condé et al, 1996;Gogtay et al, 2004;Kourtzi et al, 2006;Malkova et al, 2006;Deoni et al, 2011). Interestingly, area MT like primary sensory areas shows adult-like immunohistochemistry within the first postnatal month (Bourne and Rosa, 2006).…”

Section: Maturation Of the Optokinetic Reflex And Not-dtnmentioning

confidence: 93%

Visual Pathway for the Optokinetic Reflex in Infant Macaque Monkeys

Distler

Hoffmann²

2011

J. Neurosci.

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The horizontal optokinetic nystagmus (hOKN) in primates is immature at birth. To elucidate the early functional state of the visual pathway for hOKN, retinal slip neurons were recorded in the nucleus of the optic tract and dorsal terminal nucleus (NOT-DTN) of 4 anesthetized infant macaques. These neurons were direction selective for ipsiversive stimulus movement shortly after birth [postnatal day 9 (P9)], although at a lower direction selectivity index (DSI). The DSI in the older infants (P12, P14, P60) was not different from adults. A total of 96% of NOT-DTN neurons in P9, P12, and P14 were binocular, however, significantly more often dominated by the contralateral eye than in adults. Already in the youngest animals, NOT-DTN neurons were well tuned to different stimulus velocities; however, tuning was truncated toward lower stimulus velocities when compared with adults.As early as at P12, electrical stimulation in V1 elicited orthodromic responses in the NOT-DTN. However, the incidence of activated neurons was much lower in infants (40 -60% of the tested NOT-DTN neurons) than in adults (97%). Orthodromic latencies from V1 were significantly longer in P12-P14 (x ϭ 12.2 Ϯ 8.9 ms) than in adults (x ϭ 3.51 Ϯ 0.81 ms). At the same age, electrical stimulation in motion-sensitive area MT was more efficient in activating NOT-DTN neurons (80% of the tested cells) and yielded shorter latencies than in V1 (x ϭ 7.8 Ϯ 3.02 ms; adult x ϭ 2.99 Ϯ 0.85 ms).The differences in discharge rate between neurons in the NOT-DTN contra-and ipsilateral to the stimulated eye are equivalent to the gain asymmetry between monocularly elicited OKN in temporonasal and nasotemporal direction at the various ages.

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Development of visually evoked cortical activity in infant macaque monkeys studied longitudinally with fMRI

Cited by 30 publications

References 27 publications

The ventral visual pathway: an expanded neural framework for the processing of object quality

The ventral visual pathway: an expanded neural framework for the processing of object quality

Spatio-temporal tuning of coherent motion evoked responses in 4–6 month old infants and adults

Visual Pathway for the Optokinetic Reflex in Infant Macaque Monkeys

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