Development of W-coating with functionally graded W/EUROFER-layers for protection of First-Wall materials

Emmerich, Thomas; Qu, Dongdong; Vaßen, Robert; Aktaa, Jarir

doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.01.047

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It is considered small but not negligible with future upscaling in mind. The order of magnitude of distortion, both in warping and shrinkage, is in agreement with the one found with previous finite element simulations of coated plates with comparable size [45].…”

Section: Visual Inspection and Distortion Analysissupporting

confidence: 91%

W/EUROFER functionally graded coatings for plasma facing components: Technology transfer to industry and upscaling

Grammes

Emmerich

Aktaa

2021

Fusion Engineering and Design

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The tritium breeding blanket is a vital component of future fusion reactors, providing the fuel for the fusion reaction. Tungsten is a viable coating material to protect its first wall from erosion by plasma. The feasibility of applying tungsten coatings by vacuum plasma spraying has already been demonstrated, using a functionally graded material of mixed tungsten and EUROFER97 steel as connecting layer to mitigate a thermal expansion mismatch. This technology was now transferred to industrial level to enable further upscaling. Samples of three different sizes were coated, the largest ones measuring 500×250 mm² and containing mock-up cooling channels. The sample distortion was found to be small. An ultrasonic analysis did not reveal any delamination but indicated potential weaker spots in the corners that may have been subjected to faster cooling. Both the coating's thickness of 2 mm and linear chemical gradation over five interlayers met well with specifications, as verified by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive Xray spectroscopy as well as image thresholding analysis. The microstructure consisted of typical splatshaped particles of tungsten and EUROFER, with minor porosity only. In total, these first results indicate that good coating quality can be achieved even in dimensions approaching fusion-relevant size.

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Section: Visual Inspection and Distortion Analysissupporting

confidence: 91%

W/EUROFER functionally graded coatings for plasma facing components: Technology transfer to industry and upscaling

Grammes

Emmerich

Aktaa

2021

Fusion Engineering and Design

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“…Due to the advantages of its high melting point, high heat conductivity, high sputtering resistance, and superior mechanical strength [1][2][3], W and its alloys have wide application potential in aerospace, electronics, and chemical and national defense military industries [4][5][6]. Notably, tungsten is considered to be one of the most likely candidates for plasma-facing material to be used in future nuclear fusion reactors and for target material in spallation facilities due to its outstanding comprehensive advantages [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure Dependence of Structural and Mechanical Properties of Single-Crystal Tungsten: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Liu

Zhai

2021

Metals

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In the current study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to study the pressure dependence of the structural and mechanical properties of single-crystal tungsten. The results show that single-crystal tungsten possesses noteworthy high-pressure stability and exhibits linear lattice contraction with increasing external pressure. Consistent with the results of the performed experiments, the predicted elastic moduli, including Young’s modulus, shear modulus, and bulk modulus, as well as Poisson’s ratio and Pugh’s modulus ratio, show a clear increasing trend with the increase in pressure. Under uniaxial tensile loading, the single-crystal tungsten at high pressures experiences a phase transition from BCC to FCC and other disordered structures, which results in a stripe-like morphology in the tungsten crystal. These results are expected to deepen our understanding of the high-pressure structural and mechanical behaviors of tungsten materials.

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“…To increase the temperature upper limits and improve the neutron irradiation performance, novel nanostructured Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) steels have been developed [1]. Additionally, to reduce the sputtering due to particle loading of the first wall (FW), the application of a tungsten coating has been considered [2]. Given the difference in the thermal expansion coefficient between the two materials, the experimental demonstration of the good adhesion and stability of such a coating under high heat flux loading is required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of EU-DEMO Breeding Blanket First Wall Mock-Ups in Support of the Manufacturing and Material Development Programmes

et al. 2021

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This paper presents the testing campaign of the two First Wall mock-ups in the HELOKA facility, one mock-up having a 3 mm thick Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) steel layer on its surface and the other featuring a tungsten functionally graded cover. Special consideration is given to the diagnostics used for these tests, in particular, the measurement of the surface temperature of the tungsten functionally graded layer with an infrared camera. Additionally, the paper looks into the uncertainty associated with the calorimetric evaluation of the applied heating power for these experiments.

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Development of W-coating with functionally graded W/EUROFER-layers for protection of First-Wall materials

Cited by 26 publications

References 10 publications

W/EUROFER functionally graded coatings for plasma facing components: Technology transfer to industry and upscaling

W/EUROFER functionally graded coatings for plasma facing components: Technology transfer to industry and upscaling

Pressure Dependence of Structural and Mechanical Properties of Single-Crystal Tungsten: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Experimental Investigation of EU-DEMO Breeding Blanket First Wall Mock-Ups in Support of the Manufacturing and Material Development Programmes

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