Development of water‐immersion produced analgesia

Stolberg, Alex; Frenk, Hanan

doi:10.1002/dev.420280406

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Regarding age, however, there is no clear pattern of increased or decreased sensitivity to SIA as the subject grows older. One study has shown that the development of analgesia induced by water immersion occurs in rats as young as 3 days old with a significant increase in analgesia by 17 days (Stolberg and Frenk, 1995). These workers propose that the increase in analgesia at this age is due to the development of supraspinal descending pain inhibition.…”

Section: The Effects Of Age and Experience On Siamentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-induced analgesia

Butler

Finn

2009

Progress in Neurobiology

561

420

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Abbreviations: SIA, stress-induced analgesia; FCA, fear-conditioned analgesia; GABA, Ȗ-aminobutyric acid; HA, high analgesia; LA, low analgesia; fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging; DNIC, diffuse noxious inhibitory control; PAG, periaqueductal grey; RVM, rostroventral medulla; 5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine; CB 1 , cannabinoid type 1; CB 2 , cannabinoid type 2; NMDA, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid; AMPA, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid; mGluR, metabotropic glutamate receptor; NK1, neurokinin 1; SP, substance P; 2-AG, 2-arachidonoylglycerol; FAAH, fatty acid amide hydrolase; MGL, monoacylglycerol lipase; HPA, hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal; ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone 3 ABSTRACT For over 30 years, scientists have been investigating the phenomenon of pain suppression upon exposure to unconditioned or conditioned stressful stimuli, commonly known as stress-induced analgesia. These studies have revealed that individual sensitivity to stressinduced analgesia can vary greatly and that this sensitivity is coupled to many different phenotypes including the degree of opioid sensitivity and startle response. Furthermore, stress-induced analgesia sensitivity can vary a great deal depending on age, gender, and prior experience to stressful, painful, or other environmental stimuli. Stress-induced analgesia is mediated by activation of the descending inhibitory pain pathway.Pharmacological and neurochemical studies have demonstrated involvement of a large number of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. In particular, there are key roles for the HQGRJHQRXV RSLRLG PRQRDPLQH FDQQDELQRLG Ȗ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate systems. The study of stress-induced analgesia has enhanced our understanding of the fundamental physiology of pain and stress and has been a useful approach for uncovering new therapeutic targets for the treatment of pain and stress-related disorders.4

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Section: The Effects Of Age and Experience On Siamentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-induced analgesia

Butler

Finn

2009

Progress in Neurobiology

561

420

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“…Skin sensory nerve endings are stimulated. Both animal and human studies suggest that sensory overflow may be the mechanism by which pain is less well perceived when the affected body part is immersed in water [187,188]. Pain modulation is consequently affected with a rise in pain threshold, which increases with temperature and water turbulence, producing the proposed therapeutic effect of agitated whirlpool immersion [189,190].…”

Section: Applications In Pain and Psychiatric Rehabilitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquatic Therapy: Scientific Foundations and Clinical Rehabilitation Applications

Becker

2009

PM&R

444

390

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The aquatic environment has broad rehabilitative potential, extending from the treatment of acute injuries through health maintenance in the face of chronic diseases, yet it remains an underused modality. There is an extensive research base supporting aquatic therapy, both within the basic science literature and clinical literature. This article describes the many physiologic changes that occur during immersion as applied to a range of common rehabilitative issues and problems. Because of its wide margin of therapeutic safety and clinical adaptability, aquatic therapy is a very useful tool in the rehabilitative toolbox. Through a better understanding of the applied physiology, the practitioner may structure appropriate therapeutic programs for a diverse patient population.

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“…Aquatic environment showed many beneficial effects on pain perception. Skin sensory nerve endings are stimulated, and different studies suggest that sensory overflow may act as pain modulator, increasing the pain threshold, improving pain and function (22). The hydrostatic effects of immersion significantly reduce soft tissue edema (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 subjects were excluded because associated injuries were detected during surgery. Twenty-four patients met the inclusion criteria, 12 for group (13 males, 11 females; mean age 28 for group A, 26.3 for group B; range[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. No statistically significant differences were observed for variables such as age, sex, height, weight, BMI.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rehabilitation after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Dry Land vs Aquatic Rehabilitation

Pipino,

Tomasi,

Mardones

et al. 2023

Muscle Ligaments and Tendons J

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Purpose. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common injury in athletes and active patients. Aquatic therapy seems to be effective for the rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction, good outcomes and shorter rehabilitation time have been reported compared to dry land rehabilitation. The purpose of this study is to compare the results of dry land and aquatic rehabilitation. The hypothesis is that aquatic rehabilitation is effective and could reduce the rehabilitation time after ACL reconstruction. Methods. After ACL reconstruction, 24 patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, group A who received standard dry land physiotherapy, and group B who received an aquatic rehabilitation protocol. Both groups received 12 rehabilitation sessions. The outcomes of the two groups have been evaluated according to the improvement of their knee ROM, the International Knee Documentation Kommittee (IKDC), the Lysholm scales, and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score. We designed a prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT). Results. The knee flexion improved in both groups during the rehabilitation period. The functional scores, according to IKDC and Lysholm scale, improved in both groups at the final follow up. The mean score significantly improved at all time point, respectively 17.9 at T0, 33.2 at T1 and 40 at T2 (S.D. 2.07) for group A, and 20.5 at T0, 36 at T1, 41.8 at T2 (S.D. 2.06) for group B. The mean VAS score improved from 6.6 at T0 to 3.9 at final followup in group A, and form 5,9 at T0, to 3 at T2. When comparing the results of the two groups, no statistically significant differences have been reported. Conclusions. Both dry land and aquatic therapy are effective for the rehabilitation of patients after ACL reconstruction, but there is not one therapy superior to the other.

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Development of water‐immersion produced analgesia

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Stress-induced analgesia

Stress-induced analgesia

Aquatic Therapy: Scientific Foundations and Clinical Rehabilitation Applications

Rehabilitation after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Dry Land vs Aquatic Rehabilitation

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