Developmental and maladaptive plasticity in neonatal SCI

Pape, Karen E.

doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2012.01.002

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 88 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Clinically childhood SCI presents with different signs to those observed in teenage and adults patients with comparable injuries (Pape, 2012). This is due to distinct differences between mature and developing spinal cords, and consequently differences in the timeframe of development and the severity of the injury (Bilston and Brown, 2007; Furlan et al, 2010; Kuluz et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is due to distinct differences between mature and developing spinal cords, and consequently differences in the timeframe of development and the severity of the injury (Bilston and Brown, 2007; Furlan et al, 2010; Kuluz et al, 2010). Currently there is an accepted trend of higher initial severity in children than adults, although most support the notion that young survivors of the initial SCI have typically better and more rapid functional recoveries (Brown et al, 2005; Clarke and Bilston, 2008; Clarke et al, 2009; Furlan et al, 2010; Kuluz et al, 2010; Pape, 2012). Bregman and Goldberger (1983a) coined the term “infant lesion effect” to describe the observation that when spinal neural pathways are damaged in newborns the animal's motor function as an adult is superior to those undergoing the same lesion in adulthood (Kuluz et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Differences in the Cellular Response to Acute Spinal Cord Injury between Developing and Mature Rats Highlights the Potential Significance of the Inflammatory Response

Sutherland

Mathews

Mao

et al. 2017

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There exists a trend for a better functional recovery from spinal cord injury (SCI) in younger patients compared to adults, which is also reported for animal studies; however, the reasons for this are yet to be elucidated. The post injury tissue microenvironment is a complex milieu of cells and signals that interact on multiple levels. Inflammation has been shown to play a significant role in this post injury microenvironment. Endogenous neural progenitor cells (NPC), in the ependymal layer of the central canal, have also been shown to respond and migrate to the lesion site. This study used a mild contusion injury model to compare adult (9 week), juvenile (5 week) and infant (P7) Sprague-Dawley rats at 24 h, 1, 2, and 6 weeks post-injury (n = 108). The innate cells of the inflammatory response were examined using counts of ED1/IBA1 labeled cells. This found a decreased inflammatory response in the infants, compared to the adult and juvenile animals, demonstrated by a decreased neutrophil infiltration and macrophage and microglial activation at all 4 time points. Two other prominent cellular contributors to the post-injury microenvironment, the reactive astrocytes, which eventually form the glial scar, and the NPC were quantitated using GFAP and Nestin immunohistochemistry. After SCI in all 3 ages there was an obvious increase in Nestin staining in the ependymal layer, with long basal processes extending into the parenchyma. This was consistent between age groups early post injury then deviated at 2 weeks. The GFAP results also showed stark differences between the mature and infant animals. These results point to significant differences in the inflammatory response between infants and adults that may contribute to the better recovery indicated by other researchers, as well as differences in the overall injury progression and cellular responses. This may have important consequences if we are able to mirror and manipulate this response in patients of all ages; however much greater exploration in this area is required.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the Cellular Response to Acute Spinal Cord Injury between Developing and Mature Rats Highlights the Potential Significance of the Inflammatory Response

Sutherland

Mathews

Mao

et al. 2017

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Understanding the molecular and cellular events that accompany the different phases of spinal cord injury is of utmost importance, since it can provide information leading to the development of regenerative therapies (Thuret et al, ; Blesch and Tuszynski, ; Cheriyan et al, ). Although spinal cord injury in adult humans has received substantial attention, spinal cord injury at early postnatal stages is relatively less well studied (Parent et al, ; Pape, ; Schottler et al, ). In particular, few standardized animal models have been developed, and little information is therefore available about how the immature postnatal spinal cord reacts to injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular reactions and compensatory tissue re‐organization during spontaneous recovery after spinal cord injury in neonatal mice

Chawla

Züchner

Mastrangelopoulou

et al. 2017

Developmental Neurobiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Following incomplete spinal cord injuries, neonatal mammals display a remarkable degree of behavioral recovery. Previously, we have demonstrated in neonatal mice a wholesale re-establishment and reorganization of synaptic connections from some descending axon tracts (Boulland et al.: PLoS One 8 (2013)). To assess the potential cellular mechanisms contributing to this recovery, we have here characterized a variety of cellular sequelae following thoracic compression injuries, focusing particularly on cell loss and proliferation, inflammation and reactive gliosis, and the dynamics of specific types of synaptic terminals. Early during the period of recovery, regressive events dominated. Tissue loss near the injury was severe, with about 80% loss of neurons and a similar loss of axons that later make up the white matter. There was no sign of neurogenesis, no substantial astroglial or microglial proliferation, no change in the ratio of M1 and M2 microglia and no appreciable generation of the terminal complement peptide C5a. One day after injury the number of synaptic terminals on lumbar motoneurons had dropped by a factor of 2, but normalized by 6 days. The ratio of VGLUT1/2+ to VGAT+ terminals remained similar in injured and uninjured spinal cords during this period. By 24 days after injury, when functional recovery is nearly complete, the density of 5-HT+ fibers below the injury site had increased by a factor of 2.5. Altogether this study shows that cellular reactions are diverse and dynamic. Pronounced recovery of both excitatory and inhibitory terminals and an increase in serotonergic innervation below the injury, coupled with a general lack of inflammation and reactive gliosis, are likely to contribute to the recovery. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 928-946, 2017.

show abstract

“…Neuroplasticity is the term that identifies a range of neural responses from cellular and molecular mechanisms of synapse formation to cellular realignment or organisation of neural network, learning, or memory and behaviour (Mundkur, 2005). At Birth, the brain is very immature and highly dependent and is modified by experience (Mundkur, 2005, Pape, 2012. This can be explained in cases where children are born blind, the parts of the brain that normally processes visual information are rewired and come to process sounds, including language.…”

Section: Physiotherapy Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The plasticity of the brain is maximal during the critical period of a child's lifetime that falls between birth and approximately 7 years of age. However, in older children, the end of the critical period does not mean the complete loss of experience modified synaptic plasticity, it rather becomes restricted and perhaps more difficult (Mundkur, 2005, Pape, 2012. The major types of plasticity in children are known as adaptive, excessive and impaired.…”

Section: Physiotherapy Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Home Treatment as a Supporting Method of Bobath for Treatment of Children with Cerebral Palsy in Kuwait

Al-Mater¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Developmental and maladaptive plasticity in neonatal SCI

Cited by 19 publications

References 88 publications

Differences in the Cellular Response to Acute Spinal Cord Injury between Developing and Mature Rats Highlights the Potential Significance of the Inflammatory Response

Differences in the Cellular Response to Acute Spinal Cord Injury between Developing and Mature Rats Highlights the Potential Significance of the Inflammatory Response

Cellular reactions and compensatory tissue re‐organization during spontaneous recovery after spinal cord injury in neonatal mice

The Home Treatment as a Supporting Method of Bobath for Treatment of Children with Cerebral Palsy in Kuwait

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About