Developmental, Metabolic, and Other Noninfectious Disorders

Crespo, Rocio

doi:10.1002/9781119371199.ch30

Cited by 17 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 343 publications

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“…An examination of losses recorded between 1984 and 1987 revealed an average tarsometatarsal contact dermatitis prevalence of 21%; in some flocks, this reached 90% (McIlroy et al 1987;Bruce et al 1990). Furthermore, skin lesions are considered to be the main point of entry for pathogenic microorganisms, which can cause complications and new lesions of different typescellulites, gangrenous dermatitis, osteomyelitis (Dinev, 2009;Crespo and Shivaprasad, 2013;Gornatti-Churria et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathomorphological investigations on the prevalence of contact dermatitis lesions in broiler chickens

Dinev

Denev

Vashin

et al. 2019

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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The aim of the survey was to determine the prevalence of all types of lesions associated with contact dermatitis in commercial broiler chickens using pathomorphological methods. Contact dermatitis in commercial broiler chickens was monitored for a period of one year. The samples were taken from a fattening Ross 308 hybrid farm. The annual production cycle was 696,000 birds. The investigations were performed by clinical examination of chickens which showed obvious signs of contact dermatitis on their carcasses in the slaughterhouse. The number and type of contact dermatitis lesions in the different flocks were determined through a meat inspection process. In addition to the gross examination, a histological study on a predetermined proportion of tissue samples was conducted. The total number of contact dermatitis lesions was 152,215 (21.87%). The occurrence was most prevalent during the winter-spring and autumn seasons -88,932 (12.77%), as opposed to 63,283 (9.1%) during the summer period. Lesions on the plantar skin surface of the foot were predominant -109,272 (15.7%). This was followed by contact dermatitis lesions on the breast, affecting the sternal bursa -36,888 (5.3%). The contact dermatitis lesions in the tarsometatarsal joint region were the least prevalent -6,055 (0.87%). ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathomorphological investigations on the prevalence of contact dermatitis lesions in broiler chickens

Dinev

Denev

Vashin

et al. 2019

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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“…Turkeys tend to be slightly bow-legged, leg problems like varus or valgus deviations can occur with a high prevalence, as a Danish study showed (35). Varus deviations were found to be correlated to weight in broiler chickens (36,37), similar results being found for turkeys, too (38). We did not evaluate the weight of the animals in our study, but further studies might be beneficial in providing evidence on the development of FPD, including different gait patterns (e.g., by measuring the pressure load on specific body parts) and influences on other health parameters like for example weight gain (33,34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Walking on Tiptoes: Digital Pads Deserve Increased Attention When Scoring Footpad Dermatitis as an Animal Welfare Indicator in Turkeys

et al. 2021

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Animal welfare is one of the most challenging issues in modern farm animal husbandry. Animal welfare indicators can be used to monitor welfare on farms or at slaughterhouses, with footpad dermatitis (FPD) being one of the most important indicators used in turkeys. Up to now, the severity of FPD has been measured by evaluating the size of altered lesions on the metatarsal pad of birds. However, such lesions are not only found on the metatarsal pads, but alterations can also occur on the digital pads of the animals, the latter is not included in the European standard scoring systems for turkeys so far. The aim of the present study was to give a detailed outline of alterations on the digital pads of turkeys and associate their occurrence to a standardly used five-point scoring system, which is based on alterations of the metatarsal pad only. Therefore, pictures of 500 feet of turkeys from 16 flocks at the end of the fattening phase were taken, using an automatic camera system. Based on these pictures, alterations on the digits were scored according to different parameters (lesions, swellings, and number of affected digits). Furthermore, detailed measurements were conducted using an imaging software. Results were compared with a standardly used five-point scoring system (standard FPD scoring system), based on the metatarsal pad as reference. Results provide no equivalence in occurrence and severity of alterations on the metatarsal pads compared to those found on the digits. Pathologic alterations on the digits were already present at standard FPD scoring level 0; no differentiation became obvious between the higher scoring levels 2–4. Strong correlations were found when comparing percentage of alterations of the standard FPD scoring system to those of a system including alterations on the digits and the metatarsal pad, using the total foot as a reference (rp = 0.9, p < 0.001). This was the first study conducting a detailed analysis of alterations on the digits of turkeys. In conclusion, results of this study show that including the evaluation of alterations on digits could refine the present FPD scoring system, especially when using FPD as an animal welfare indicator.

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“…Захворювання печінки індиків різної етіології і до сьогодні реєструють у багатьох країнах світу. При цьому, вчені виділяють кілька факторів, які можуть спричиняти хворобу, це: годівля (недостатній вміст кальцію, лінолевої кислоти, біотину, селену у кормах, зависокий вміст енергії); зоотехнічні -обмежена рухливість птиці, висока температура; генетичні фактори -вплив естрогенів; інфекційні чинники -E. coli, Clostridium, та віруси з сімейства Picornaviridae (Crespo, 2019;Middendorf et al, 2019).…”

Section: вступunclassified

Histological and ultrastructural changes in turkey liver under intensive rear-ing and influence of xenobiotics

Shchebentovska

Kostynuk

2020

SMLNUVMB

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Liver problems of various etiologies in turkeys have been reported in many countries for the last 20 years. Poultry dies having no clinical manifestations of the disease, and at pathological autopsy, diffuse haemorrhages and marked dystrophic changes of the organ are noted. To date, there are several factors that can cause such changes, these are unbalanced amino-acid feed, insufficient calcium, biotin, selenium, the very high energy content of feed; zootechnical factors – limited mobility of birds due to cage density violations, high temperature; genetic factors – the influence of estrogens; infectious factors – E. coli, Clostridium, and viruses of Picornaviridae family. The article describes the histopathological and ultrastructural changes in the turkey liver under the influence of various factors. The material for the research was obtained from a farm where turkeys of the “Hybrid Converter” cross are grown, same age, fed with a standard diet that changed according to the technological map of cultivation. On the 50th day of life, a pathological autopsy of the dead poultry was performed, pieces of liver were selected for histological and ultrastructural examination. The visual assessment revealed significantly enlarged liver, the colour from dark red to light brown, flabby consistency. In some cases, diffuse fatty infiltrations of hepatocytes were histologically revealed, in other cases, focal necrosis with the growth of the connective tissue and the formation of massive perivascular couplings were registered. Large vacuolar fatty degeneration of hepatocytes with subsequent development of fibrosis indicates chronic intoxication, probably caused by slow breakdown of fatty acids in cells due to insufficient oxidative phosphorylation, as well as reduced levels of lipotropic factors: choline, methionine and the vitamins. At the ultrastructural level, a large number of lipid inclusions of various sizes, dystrophic changes in mitochondria were observed, which indicates a decrease in the synthetic activity of cells.

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Developmental, Metabolic, and Other Noninfectious Disorders

Cited by 17 publications

References 343 publications

Pathomorphological investigations on the prevalence of contact dermatitis lesions in broiler chickens

Pathomorphological investigations on the prevalence of contact dermatitis lesions in broiler chickens

Walking on Tiptoes: Digital Pads Deserve Increased Attention When Scoring Footpad Dermatitis as an Animal Welfare Indicator in Turkeys

Histological and ultrastructural changes in turkey liver under intensive rear-ing and influence of xenobiotics

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