Developmental Patterns of Gangliosides and of Phospholipids in Chick Retina and Brain

Dreyfus, H.; Urban, P.F.; Edel‐Harth, S.; Mandel, P.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1975.tb06960.x

Cited by 172 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Neuronal cultures represent a valuable model for studying such phenomena since they display; cell division and maturation phases f 1 -3]; specific morphological changes during synaptogenesis (neurite sprouting, extension and arborization) [3,4], and neural cell adhesion molecules and lectins involved in interneuronal contact formation [5][6][7], In addition, gangliosides (Ggls; sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids), qualitative and quantitative variations of which seem to parallel neurite formation and synaptogenesis, are particularly abundant in the neuronal membrane [8,9]. Thus, it has been sug gested that these molecules are involved in the mainte nance, differentiation and regeneration of neurons [10, 11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Plasma Membrane and Cell Surface Phospholipids and Gangliosides of Chick Embryo Neurons Grown in Primary Cultures: Developmental Studies

Lelong

Frechard²,

Crémel³

et al. 1991

Dev Neurosci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Plasma membranes isolated from chick embryo neurons after 2 days (division phase) and 5 days (maturation phase) in culture showed no differences in the phospholipid (PL) pattern or in the plasma membrane average fluidity. Significant ganglioside (Ggl) variations were only found in GM1 and GD3 which represent 35% of the total plasma membrane N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNac) content (1.8-fold GM1 NeuNac increase, 1.4-fold GD3 NeuNac reduction). Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination (¹²⁵I) under saturating conditions indicated that the hydrophobic core of cell surface Ggl was more exposed to the hydrophilic extracellular environment than that of PL. Nevertheless, when interneuronal contacts start to form, the ¹²⁵I-labelling of both PL and Ggl dropped progressively throughout the maturation phase. Further analysis revealed that (1) plasma membrane GD3 was not accessible to the enzymatic labelling, and (2) surface phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and GT1b became more accessible to the external medium during development, whereas the opposite was found for phosphatidylcholine (PC) and GM1. The overall profile of radioiodinated PL and Ggl was unaltered when poly-L-lysine was substituted for polyethyleneimine as culture substratum, except for an increase in GT1b labelling 24 h after plating. These results suggest the existense of a ''buffering'' mechanism protecting the neuronal plasma membrane during cellular growth from marked changes in fluidity, polar lipid composition and relative localization of polar lipids with regard to the extracellular environment. In addition, our findings suggest that: (1) GD3, which is at maximal levels during the division phase, is not exposed to the extracellular environment; (2) PE, PC, GM1 and GT1b undergo subtle topological reorganization as cellular maturation proceeds, and (3) the culture substratum may modulate the exposure of certain cell surface glycolipid components.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Plasma Membrane and Cell Surface Phospholipids and Gangliosides of Chick Embryo Neurons Grown in Primary Cultures: Developmental Studies

Lelong

Frechard²,

Crémel³

et al. 1991

Dev Neurosci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…of triplicate samples from a typical experiment. tal changes in ganglioside patterns were also observed in chick retina and brain (28) as well as in primary culture of rat neurons (29 -31). Thus, ganglioside synthesis and expression have been considered to be an index of cellular differentiation in brain (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Inhibition of Endogenous Ganglioside Synthesis Does Not Block Neurite Formation by Retinoic Acid-treated Neuroblastoma Cells

Ladisch

1997

Journal of Biological Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gangliosides are believed to play a critical role in cellular differentiation. To test this concept, we determined the effect of inhibition of endogenous ganglioside synthesis upon neurite formation induced by retinoic acid in LAN-5 human neuroblastoma cells. Ganglioside synthesis and content of LAN-5 cells exposed for 6 days to 10 M D-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (D-PDMP) (an inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase) were reduced by >90%. However, these ganglioside-depleted cells were not blocked from forming neurites when exposed to 10 M retinoic acid. Even more extensive treatment of LAN-5 cells with 20 M D-PDMP (6 day pretreatment followed by 6 days together with 10 M retinoic acid) still did not block the retinoic acid-induced neurite formation. An element of neuroblastoma tumor cell differentiation, neurite formation, is therefore dependent neither on an intact cellular ganglioside complement nor on new ganglioside synthesis.The high concentrations of gangliosides in the central nervous system have led to the widely held view that these molecules may play an important role in the differentiation of neuronal cells (1). There is evidence supporting this view, in that striking changes in ganglioside metabolism have been observed during both spontaneous and induced cellular differentiation (2-4). The treatment of LAN-5 human neuroblastoma cells with retinoic acid, which causes differentiation of the cells (5, 6), results in a marked increase in cellular ganglioside content (7). An increase in concentration of specific gangliosides (8), a switch in ganglioside biosynthetic pathways and the appearance of new gangliosides (9, 10), and changes in cellular ganglioside patterns (11) are generally considered to be important in the process of cellular differentiation, particularly in neuronal or neuroblastoma cells. Exogenous gangliosides also influence differentiation (12)(13)(14). However, the question of whether endogenous gangliosides are essential for cellular differentiation under physiological conditions remains to be answered.To determine whether endogenous gangliosides are essential for the process of cellular differentiation, we developed the following strategy. In a model system, the LAN-5 human neuroblastoma cell line, which can be induced by retinoic acid to differentiate and form neurites (5, 6), we studied the effect of cellular ganglioside depletion upon neurite formation. D-threo-1-Phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (D-PDMP), 1 a potent inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase (15, 16), was used to maximally inhibit ganglioside synthesis and deplete cellular ganglioside content. In this situation, despite downregulation of cellular ganglioside synthesis and content of LAN-5 cells, the formation of neurites induced by exposure of these cells to retinoic acid was not blocked. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preparation of Retinoic Acid, D-PDMP, and Nerve Growth FactorStock Solutions-Retinoic acid (all-trans form; Sigma) was dissolved in ethanol to a concentration of 10 Ϫ2 M and k...

show abstract

“…The retina provides an excellent system for the study of such processes because the neuronal cell bodies and synaptic connections are organized in different layers. Both cellsurface gangliosides and glycoproteins change during retinal development (6)(7)(8), although the relationship of these changes to mechanisms of retinal morphogenesis remains unclear. In some cases, antibodies have been used to identify and demonstrate the function of specific surface proteins in the formation of intercellular adhesions between retina cells through calcium-dependent (9) or calcium-independent (10) mechanisms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Monoclonal antibody 18B8 detects gangliosides associated with neuronal differentiation and synapse formation.

Grunwald¹,

Fredman²,

Magnani³

et al. 1985

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mouse monoclonal antibody 18B8 detects developmentally regulated antigens in chicken retina and brain. The antigens detected by immunofluorescence appear initially on cell bodies in retinas of 6-13 day embryos. In older embryos during synapse formation and in adults, the antigen is localized in discrete laminae within the inner synaptic layer of retina and also is present in the outer synaptic layer and the outer segments ofphotoreceptor cells. The antigens from retina and brain were purified partially and were shown to be gangliosides of unknown structure that contain at least two sialic acid residues. Gangliosides that are recognized by antibody 18B8 change both qualitatively and quantitatively during neuronal development. These changes were correlated with the spatial and temporal changes in antigen expression detected histochemically. The mechanisms involved in neuronal differentiation

show abstract

Developmental Patterns of Gangliosides and of Phospholipids in Chick Retina and Brain

Cited by 172 publications

References 34 publications

Expression of Plasma Membrane and Cell Surface Phospholipids and Gangliosides of Chick Embryo Neurons Grown in Primary Cultures: Developmental Studies

Expression of Plasma Membrane and Cell Surface Phospholipids and Gangliosides of Chick Embryo Neurons Grown in Primary Cultures: Developmental Studies

Inhibition of Endogenous Ganglioside Synthesis Does Not Block Neurite Formation by Retinoic Acid-treated Neuroblastoma Cells

Monoclonal antibody 18B8 detects gangliosides associated with neuronal differentiation and synapse formation.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About