Developmental programming, adiposity, and reproduction in ruminants

Symonds, Michael; Dellschaft, Neele; Pope, Mark; Birtwistle, Mark; Alagal, Reham I.; Keisler, D.H.; Budge, Helen

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.023

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…In contrast, others showed that sheep underfed during gestation have a higher fat mass than controls [56,62]. In most studies, however, fat composition is measured through post-mortem weighing of central and peripheral adipose tissues or through alternative methods (such as deuterium oxide infusion, impedancemetry or densitometry) whereas in the present study only the overall peripheral adipose quantity was semi-quantitatively assessed through BCS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Maternal Nutrition during Pregnancy Affects Testicular and Bone Development, Glucose Metabolism and Response to Overnutrition in Weaned Horses Up to Two Years

et al. 2017

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IntroductionPregnant mares and post-weaning foals are often fed concentrates rich in soluble carbohydrates, together with forage. Recent studies suggest that the use of concentrates is linked to alterations of metabolism and the development of osteochondrosis in foals. The aim of this study was to determine if broodmare diet during gestation affects metabolism, osteoarticular status and growth of yearlings overfed from 20 to 24 months of age and/or sexual maturity in prepubertal colts.Material and methodsTwenty-four saddlebred mares were fed forage only (n = 12, group F) or cracked barley and forage (n = 12, group B) from mid-gestation until foaling. Colts were gelded at 12 months of age. Between 20 and 24 months of age, all yearlings were overfed (+140% of requirements) using an automatic concentrate feeder. Offspring were monitored for growth between 6 and 24 months of age, glucose homeostasis was evaluated via modified frequently sampled intra veinous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT) at 19 and 24 months of age and osteoarticular status was investigated using radiographic examinations at 24 months of age. The structure and function of testicles from prepubertal colts were analyzed using stereology and RT-qPCR.ResultsPost-weaning weight growth was not different between groups. Testicular maturation was delayed in F colts compared to B colts at 12 months of age. From 19 months of age, the cannon bone was wider in B vs F yearlings. F yearlings were more insulin resistant at 19 months compared to B yearlings but B yearlings were affected more severely by overnutrition with reduced insulin sensitivity. The osteoarticular status at 24 months of age was not different between groups.ConclusionIn conclusion, nutritional management of the pregnant broodmare and the growing foal may affect sexual maturity of colts and the metabolism of foals until 24 months of age. These effects may be deleterious for reproductive and sportive performances in older horses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Maternal Nutrition during Pregnancy Affects Testicular and Bone Development, Glucose Metabolism and Response to Overnutrition in Weaned Horses Up to Two Years

et al. 2017

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“…The major role of the leptin in bovines is related to the onset of puberty that only occurs in adequate conditions of body energy store. Therefore, leptin displays an important role in reproduction because the maturity of reproductive system is dependent of puberty (Wylie, 2011;Symonds et al, 2016). The reproductive parameters used in this research are puberty dependent because the maturity of reproductive system only occurs after puberty (Wylie, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphisms Related to Bovine Leptin Gene and Association with Productive and Reproductive Traits in Nellore Heifers

Fernandes¹,

Crispim²,

Seno³

et al. 2020

Trop. Anim. Sci. J.

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The identification of genes and polymorphisms in female zebu related to the leptin gene that may be involved in better productive and reproductive performances is relevant to the livestock and economic sector. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the SNP markers (T954M and C305T) and the BM1500 microsatellite and to analyze their associations with the traits of body weight, age at first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI), and reproductive efficiency (RE) in Nellore heifers. DNA extraction was performed, followed by the amplification of all markers. Association analyses were carried out with each marker and each traits separately. The result showed that no significant association was found between the reproductive traits and all markers and between body weight and both SNP markers. For the BM1500 microsatellite, the effect of the allele 138 (p=0.0383) on body weight was observed, with the growth curve for this allele being related to the lower asymptotic weight. Therefore, the BM1500 microsatellite marker was the only one with a significant association with a productive trait providing information about the condition of body weight in Nellore heifers.

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“…In contrast, Greene et al (2019) did not report a difference in fat masses for fetuses on d 133 of gestation from ewes fed E + or E-fescue seed. In the current study, lambs were allowed to be carried to term and this may have attributed to differences in fat mass accumulation as fetal lipid deposition occurs more near term (Symonds et al, 2016). In cases of IUGR, fetuses may be born with decreased fat deposition due to reduced nutrient transport to the fetus, however human studies have found IUGR fetuses have a higher incidence of obesity post maturity (Engelbregt et al, 2004;Fernandez-Twinn and Ozanne, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Use of Oral Citrulline Administration as a Mitigation Strategy for Fescue Toxicosis in Sheep

Greene

Klotz²,

Goodman

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Gestating ewes consuming ergot alkaloids, from endophyte-infected (E+) tall fescue seed, produce smaller lambs suffering from intrauterine growth restriction. Arginine (Arg) supplementation has been shown to increase birth weight and oral citrulline (Cit) administration is reported to increase arginine concentrations. Two experiments were conducted to: 1) evaluate if oral supplementation with Cit or water, to ewes consuming E+ fescue seed, increases lamb birth weight and 2) determine the effectiveness of Cit and citrulline:malate as an oral drench in elevating circulating levels of Cit to determine dosing levels and frequency of dose. In Experiment 1, gestating Suffolk ewes (n = 10) were assigned to one of two treatments [oral drench of citrulline-malate 2:1 (CITM; 81 mg/kg/d of citrulline) or water (TOX)] to start on d 86 of gestation. In Experiment 2, non-pregnant Suffolk ewes (n = 3) were assigned to either oral citrulline (CIT; 81 mg/kg/d), citrulline-malate 2:1 (CITM; 81 mg/kg/d of citrulline), or water (CON) drench in a Latin Square design for a treatment period of 4 d with a washout period of 3 d. On d 4, blood samples were collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 18 h post drench.Results:Expt 1: Ewes on CITM treatment had decreased (P < 0.05) plasma Arg and Cit concentrations during gestation. At birth, lambs from CITM ewes had reduced (P < 0.05) crude fat and total fat but did not differ (P > 0.05) in birth weight from lambs born to TOX ewes. Expt 2: Oral drenching of CIT and CITM increased (P < 0.0001) Cit concentrations within 2 h and levels remained elevated for 8 h. Apparent half-life of elimination for CIT and CITM were 8.484 h and 10.392 h respectively.Conclusions: Our results show that lamb birth weight was not altered with a single oral drench of citrulline-malate; however, lamb body composition was altered. The level and frequency of citrulline dosing may need to be greater in order to observe consistent elevation of Cit/Arg concentrations to determine its effectiveness in mitigating fescue toxicosis.

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Developmental programming, adiposity, and reproduction in ruminants

Cited by 19 publications

References 91 publications

Maternal Nutrition during Pregnancy Affects Testicular and Bone Development, Glucose Metabolism and Response to Overnutrition in Weaned Horses Up to Two Years

Maternal Nutrition during Pregnancy Affects Testicular and Bone Development, Glucose Metabolism and Response to Overnutrition in Weaned Horses Up to Two Years

Polymorphisms Related to Bovine Leptin Gene and Association with Productive and Reproductive Traits in Nellore Heifers

Use of Oral Citrulline Administration as a Mitigation Strategy for Fescue Toxicosis in Sheep

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