Developmental Programming of Hypertension

Iron Deficiency and Renal Development in the Newborn Rat

“…Although we obtained CRP levels to guide interpretation of plasma ferritin, we found these values strikingly linked the treatments showing corticomedullary fibrosis. Because CRP correlated to interstitial fibrosis and previous work showed that elevated CRP levels in humans predict hypertension and renal insufficiency (32), this may explain why hypertension is not always seen with lower nephron allotment, but results from the combination of oligonephropathy and fibrotic injury (25).…”

“…Models of gestational iron deficiency are linked to hypertension as offspring mature, but fetal growth restriction is a universal finding in these models (9 -11). Although global nutrient restriction during rat gestation clearly disrupts fetal renal histologic architecture (24,25), only one published study examined renal histology in offspring after a model of isolated iron deficiency during gestation (12). The authors found 23% fewer nephrons, 15% smaller relative kidney size based on birth weight, and 15% smaller rats (12), making it difficult to discern the independent effects of iron deficiency versus other global metabolic effects involved in growth restriction.…”

“…Male animals with decreased nephron allotment ultimately develop hypertension at an earlier postnatal age, based on the assumption that sex hormones impact development of hypertension (25). However, at least one fetal nutrient restriction study found male lambs exhibit fewer nephrons than females at birth (27).…”

Sex differences in developmental programming models

“…In adult humans, male subjects show an increased propensity to at least some aspects of the metabolic syndrome compared with females, possibly as a primary effect of ambient sex steroid levels (Regitz-Zagrosek et al 2006). Epidemiological evidence shows that the sex difference in risk for cardiovascular disease narrows considerably after the menopause and that oophorectomy in rats can narrow this gap in incidence at an earlier age (Ojeda et al 2007(Ojeda et al , 2008.…”

Kidney Disease and Perinatal Programming of Arterial Hypertension: the Results of Experimental Researches

“…Ранее было показано, что низкая масса тела при рождении ассоциируется с развитием во взрослом возрасте ишемической болезни сердца и АГ [4,5]. Аналогичные результаты были получены в эксперимен-тах на крысах, подвергавшихся во время беремен-ности ограничениям по потреблению белка [6,7].…”