Developmental stages in microbiota, bile acids, and clostridial species in healthy puppies

Blake, Amanda; Cigarroa, Annalis; Klein, Hannah L.; Khattab, Mohammad R.; Keating, Theresa; Coevering, Patti Van De; Lidbury, Jonathan A.; Steiner, Jörg M.; Suchodolski, Jan S.

doi:10.1111/jvim.15928

Cited by 30 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Importantly, a high interindividual variation in bacterial abundances was observed in cats at 2 months of age (before exposure to antibiotics). In humans and dogs, during the phase of microbiota maturation, high-interindividual differences in bacterial abundances occur [45][46][47], therefore the large variation observed in our study likely represents an immature microbiome in cats at 2 months of age. In addition, the largest shifts in the GI microbiota in the control cats occurred during the age of 2 to 6months suggesting that the normal GI microbiome evolves in kittens and reaches maturity around the age of 6 months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Short- and long-term effects of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or doxycycline on the gastrointestinal microbiome of growing cats

Pilla

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Antibiotic treatment in early life influences gastrointestinal (GI) microbial composition and function. In humans, the resultant intestinal dysbiosis is associated with an increased risk for certain diseases later in life. The objective of this study was to determine the temporal effects of antibiotic treatment on the GI microbiome of young cats. Fecal samples were collected from cats randomly allocated to receive either amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (20 mg/kg q12h) for 20 days (AMC group; 15 cats) or doxycycline (10 mg/kg q24h) for 28 days (DOX group;15 cats) as part of the standard treatment of upper respiratory tract infection. In addition, feces were collected from healthy control cats (CON group;15 cats). All cats were approximately two months of age at enrolment. Samples were collected on days 0 (baseline), 20 or 28 (AMC and DOX, respectively; last day of treatment), 60, 120, and 300. DNA was extracted and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and qPCR assays were performed. Fecal microbial composition was different on the last day of treatment for AMC cats, and 1 month after the end of antibiotic treatment for DOX cats, compared to CON cats. Species richness was significantly greater in DOX cats compared to CON cats on the last day of treatment. Abundance of Enterobacteriales was increased, and that of Erysipelotrichi was decreased in cats of the AMC group on the last day of treatment compared to CON cats. The abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria was increased in cats of the DOX group on days 60 and 120 compared to cats of the CON group. Only minor differences in abundances between the treatment groups and the control group were present on day 300. Both antibiotics appear to delay the developmental progression of the microbiome, and this effect is more profound during treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and one month after treatment with doxycycline. Future studies are required to determine if these changes influence microbiome function and whether they have possible effects on disease susceptibility in cats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Short- and long-term effects of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or doxycycline on the gastrointestinal microbiome of growing cats

Pilla

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…To calculate a qPCR-based DI, quantitative PCR assays were performed for total bacteria, Faecalibacterium , Turicibacter , Escherichia coli , Streptococcus , Blautia , Fusobacterium , and Clostridium hiranonis as previously described [ 30 , 31 ]. Additionally, a probe-based qPCR assay was performed for Clostridium perfringens as previously described [ 31 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Recovery of the Fecal Microbiome and Metabolome of Dogs with Steroid-Responsive Enteropathy

Pilla

Guard

Blake

et al. 2021

Animals

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The long-term impact of treatment of dogs with steroid-responsive enteropathy (SRE) on the fecal microbiome and metabolome has not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the fecal microbiome and metabolome of dogs with SRE before, during, and following treatment with standard immunosuppressive therapy and an elimination diet. We retrospectively selected samples from 9 dogs with SRE enrolled in a previous clinical trial, which received treatment for 8 weeks, and had achieved remission as indicated by the post-treatment clinical scores. Long-term (1 year) samples were obtained from a subset (5/9) of dogs. Samples from 13 healthy dogs were included as controls (HC). We evaluated the microbiome using 16S rRNA sequencing and qPCR. To evaluate the recovery of gut function, we measured fecal metabolites using an untargeted approach. While improvement was observed for some bacterial taxa after 8 weeks of treatment, several bacterial taxa remained significantly different from HC. Seventy-five metabolites were altered in dogs with SRE, including increased fecal amino acids and vitamins, suggesting malabsorption as a component of SRE. One year after treatment, however, all bacterial species were evaluated by qPCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and all but thirteen metabolites were no longer different from healthy controls.

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“…In the following years (i.e., within the three-year period after birth) the gut microbiome converges in an 'adult-like' profile [23,24]. Although studies on the gut microbiome in neonatal dogs and cats are scarce, a similar trend was observed in puppies and kittens, with substantial inter-individual and temporal microbial variability during the early postnatal period [25][26][27]. Similar to humans, early microbial colonization, biodiversity as well as composition of the new-born gut microbiota in puppies and kittens is mainly influenced by vertical transmission from the mother as well as mode of delivery, feeding type and human-pet interaction [7].…”

Section: The Gut Microbiota and Microbiomementioning

confidence: 93%

Mutual Links between the Endocannabinoidome and the Gut Microbiome, with Special Reference to Companion Animals: A Nutritional Viewpoint

Moriello

Marzo

Petrosino

2022

Animals

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There is growing evidence that perturbation of the gut microbiome, known as “dysbiosis”, is associated with the pathogenesis of human and veterinary diseases that are not restricted to the gastrointestinal tract. In this regard, recent studies have demonstrated that dysbiosis is linked to the pathogenesis of central neuroinflammatory disorders, supporting the existence of the so-called microbiome-gut-brain axis. The endocannabinoid system is a recently recognized lipid signaling system and termed endocannabinoidome monitoring a variety of body responses. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that a profound link exists between the gut microbiome and the endocannabinoidome, with mutual interactions controlling intestinal homeostasis, energy metabolism and neuroinflammatory responses during physiological conditions. In the present review, we summarize the latest data on the microbiome-endocannabinoidome mutual link in health and disease, focalizing the attention on gut dysbiosis and/or altered endocannabinoidome tone that may distort the bidirectional crosstalk between these two complex systems, thus leading to gastrointestinal and metabolic diseases (e.g., idiopathic inflammation, chronic enteropathies and obesity) as well as neuroinflammatory disorders (e.g., neuropathic pain and depression). We also briefly discuss the novel possible dietary interventions based not only on probiotics and/or prebiotics, but also, and most importantly, on endocannabinoid-like modulators (e.g., palmitoylethanolamide) for intestinal health and beyond.

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Developmental stages in microbiota, bile acids, and clostridial species in healthy puppies

Cited by 30 publications

References 46 publications

Short- and long-term effects of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or doxycycline on the gastrointestinal microbiome of growing cats

Short- and long-term effects of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or doxycycline on the gastrointestinal microbiome of growing cats

Long-Term Recovery of the Fecal Microbiome and Metabolome of Dogs with Steroid-Responsive Enteropathy

Mutual Links between the Endocannabinoidome and the Gut Microbiome, with Special Reference to Companion Animals: A Nutritional Viewpoint

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