Developmental Study of Soot-Oxidation Catalysts for Fireplaces: The Effect of Binder and Preparation Techniques on Catalyst Texture and Activity

Nevalainen, Pauliina; Kinnunen, Niko M.; Suvanto, Mika

doi:10.3390/catal9110957

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The Raman peak at 1370 cm –1 corresponds to the D -band of carbon, which basically signifies the distortion of the sp 2 -hybridized crystalline structure, while the peak at 1600 cm –1 is associated with the G -band, indicating the stretching of the C–C bonds in the graphite materials. Additionally, the high intensity of the G -band demonstrates that the IFCS is rich in sp 2 -hybridized graphite, which is not only consistent with the XRD analysis in terms of graphitization of IFCS but also indicates its hydrophobic nature. , …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Additionally, the high intensity of the Gband demonstrates that the IFCS is rich in sp 2 -hybridized graphite, which is not only consistent with the XRD analysis in terms of graphitization of IFCS but also indicates its hydrophobic nature. 43,44 The chemical composition of the IFCS was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, which reveals that the candle soot is a mixture of branched hydrocarbons such as carboxylic groups, methyl, and methylene groups. Figure 2c presents the FTIR spectrum of the IFCS collected on a ZnSe substrate.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selective Deposition of Candle Soot on a Cellulose Membrane for Efficient Solar Evaporation

et al. 2021

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Owing to their natural abundance, seawater together with sunlight has a potential to meet the global challenges in terms of water scarcity and energy crisis. Herein, we demonstrate a solar vapor generator composed of an inner flame candle soot (IFCS) deposited on a cellulose filter paper (FP) prepared by a simple two-step process. The resultant IFCS/FP device exhibits a high photothermal conversion ability owing to the broadband solar absorption of the IFCS layer along with the multiple scattering of the incoming sunlight in the porous microstructure of the cellulose FP. Additionally, the low thermal conductivity of the IFCS effectively localizes the photothermally generated heat at the IFCS/FP surface, thereby significantly suppressing the conduction heat losses to the underlying bulk water. Meanwhile, the capillary action of the FP supplies an adequate amount of water to the heated surface for accelerating the evaporation process. Benefitting from the synergistic effect of these characteristics, the IFCS/FP achieves high evaporation rates of ∼1.16 and ∼4.09 kg m–2 h–1 and their corresponding efficiencies of ∼75.1 and 90.9% under one and three sun illumination, respectively. Moreover, the IFCS/FP device presents an excellent longevity owing to the persistent performance over 15 repeated cycles under one and three sun illumination. Hence, the facile fabrication, fine mechanical strength, desalination, and the salt-resistance ability of our IFCS/FP make it a suitable candidate for practical applications.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Deposition of Candle Soot on a Cellulose Membrane for Efficient Solar Evaporation

et al. 2021

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“…A 300-400 °C regime was achieved using the SCC chamber without thermal insulation. This temperature is below the black carbon oxidation temperature, which is approximately 470 °C according to Nevalainen et al [33]. Therefore, high amounts of black carbon were deposited on the SCC's dielectric cover, forming an electrically conductive…”

Section: Effect Of the Scc On Particle Concentrations And Size Distributions Upstream Of The Chxmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…To improve the soot oxidation of the SCC tubes, the tubes could be coated with a soot oxidation catalyst. For example, aluminum oxide-supported silver catalysts have displayed reasonably low temperature soot oxidation performance, and could be utilized to clean the tubes at a temperature as low as 310 • C [33,42]. respectively.…”

Section: Long-term Scc Performance Under Sooty Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Temperature Electrical Charger to Reduce Particulate Emissions from Small Biomass-Fired Boilers

et al. 2020

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New particulate matter (PM) filtering technologies are needed to meet the emission regulations for small combustion appliances. In this work, we investigate the performance of a novel electrical particle filtration system, the single needle shielded corona charger (SCC), which offers an advantageous solution for PM control in boilers by enhancing particulate deposition within existing boiler sections. Experiments under different operating conditions of a wood-fired boiler were performed, wherein the SCC was installed upstream of either a condensing heat exchanger (CHX) or a cyclone. PM reduction was found to be strongly affected by the SCC temperature and the following collection surface area, and reached its highest reduction efficiency of >90% at the temperature range of 400–500 °C when operating in combination with a CHX. The SCC–cyclone combination was less efficient, providing a 27% PM reduction, as a result of the low surface area and residence time in the cyclone. These results indicate that the SCC can feasibly provide particle filtration when combined with a CHX, wet scrubber, or a cyclone to meet the new emission regulation requirements. The system is best suited for small-scale boilers but can be scaled up to larger boilers by increasing the number of corona chargers.

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“…GPF and DPF PN emissions decrease with improving emission compliances (Figure 8(c)). DOC usually controls the organic fraction, gas-phase carbon monoxide (CO), and HCs 125,126 from the engine exhaust. Novel catalysts control the soluble and non-soluble organic fractions in the engine exhaust.…”

Section: Diesel Pm Reduction Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

Agarwal

Krishnamoorthi

2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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Particulates from compression ignition (CI) engines have received serious attention in the last two decades. CI engines emit higher particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) than spark ignition (SI) engines. Both these species are harmful to human health and the environment. Compared to NOx emissions, PM constitutes many more chemical species in solid and liquid phases. This review paper focuses on soot morphology and chemical characterization of PM emissions from CI engines. Effects of different fuels, lubricating oil, and engine operating conditions on particulate characteristics are analyzed exhaustively. The first part of this paper focuses on the effects of particulates on living organisms, the consequences of exposure to diesel particulates, and the composition of diesel particulates. In recent decades, micro and nano-scale characteristics of PM have been exhaustively investigated to understand its structure, formation, and chemical functionalities. Typically, particulates comprise of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the soluble organic fraction (SOF), and trace metals. This paper summarizes most aspects of diesel particulate emissions for the benefit of active researchers in the field and underlines the importance of particulate emission reduction from the CI engines. Diesel combustion generates particles with enormous long-chain aggregates of smaller sizes and immature soot particles. Low-temperature combustion (LTC) modes and oxygenated fuels reduce the soot emissions and generate compact/clustered aggregates. Oxygenated fuels in CI engines produce more nucleation mode particles (NMPs) and high-reactivity soot aggregates. Higher trace metal concentrations were observed in diesel origin particulates than biofuel origin particulates. Biodiesel origin particulates possess higher mutagenicity and carcinogenicity because of nitro-PAHs. Transient engine operations cause higher particulates than steady-state engine operations.

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Developmental Study of Soot-Oxidation Catalysts for Fireplaces: The Effect of Binder and Preparation Techniques on Catalyst Texture and Activity

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Selective Deposition of Candle Soot on a Cellulose Membrane for Efficient Solar Evaporation

Selective Deposition of Candle Soot on a Cellulose Membrane for Efficient Solar Evaporation

High Temperature Electrical Charger to Reduce Particulate Emissions from Small Biomass-Fired Boilers

Review of morphological and chemical characteristics of particulates from compression ignition engines

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