Developmental toxicity of 2-chlorodibenzofuran in cultured post-implantation rat embryos

Usami, Makoto; Sakemi, Kazue; Tabata, Hirobumi; Kawashima, Kunio; Takanaka, Akira

doi:10.1016/0887-2333(93)90009-t

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…14,18 This was attributed to positions 2, 4, and 8 of the PCDF ring having relatively low bond dissociation energies. 17 2,3-DiCDD and 1-MoCDD contributed 1.5−3.6 and 1.3−4.3%, respectively, of the total PCDD/Fs concentrations. 2,3,7,8-Tetra (T) CDF was the predominant 2,3,7,8-chlorinated PCDF congener, and it contributed 4.4−12.6% of the total PCDD/F concentrations.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 Some MoCDF congeners are mutagenic and embryotoxic. 17 The less chlorinated PCDD/Fs contribute more than the 2,3,7,8-chlorinated PCDD/Fs to the total PCDD/F concentrations in the atmosphere. 18 Therefore, less chlorinated PCDD/Fs could have significant effects on humans and the environment, but these effects have been almost ignored.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mono- to Octachlorinated Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxin and Dibenzofuran Emissions from Sintering Plants Synergistically Controlled by the Desulfurization Process

Wang

Liu

Hou

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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ABSTRACT:The influence of desulfurization systems in sintering plants on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) concentrations, profiles, and emission factors was studied. Mono-to tri-CDD/Fs and tetra-to octa-CDD/F concentrations were 4.4 ± 2.3 and 10.5 ± 8.3 ng m −3, respectively, at the inlets and 0.87 ± 0.48 and 0.47 ± 0.22 ng m −3 , respectively, after desulfurization. The toxic equivalents (TEQs) were 0.95 ± 0.093 and 0.51 ± 0.040 ng of I-TEQ m −3 at the inlets and after desulfurization, respectively. The congener profiles and homologue distributions were dominated by 2-MoCDF and MoCDF, respectively. The PCDD/F removal efficiencies achieved by desulfurization increased as the chlorination level increased. The PCDD/Fs became adsorbed to gypsum. Annual mono-to tri-CDD/Fs PCDD/F and TEQ (tetra-to octa-CDD/F) emission factors for flue gas and gypsum between 2003 and 2012 were determined. The total amounts of mono-to tri-CDD/Fs emitted in flue gas and gypsum between 2003 and 2012 were 10.7 and 10.2 kg, respectively. The total TEQs emitted in flue gas and gypsum between 2003 and 2012 were estimated to be 15486 and 1878 g of I-TEQ, respectively. PCDD/Fs adsorbed to gypsum are not effectively eliminated. The PCDD/F concentrations increased as the fly ash surface area increased moving through the electrostatic precipitator stages.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mono- to Octachlorinated Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxin and Dibenzofuran Emissions from Sintering Plants Synergistically Controlled by the Desulfurization Process

Wang

Liu

Hou

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Studies focusing on the lower chlorinated homologues (mono-to tri-) are scarce, probably because of the absence of assigned toxic equivalent factors for mono-to tri-chlorinated congeners. However, lower chlorinated congeners, such as 2-MoCDF and 3-MoCDF, have displayed embryotoxicity (Usami et al, 1993) and mutagenicity (Michi et al, 1988), respectively. Park et al recently reported that workers at an incinerator facility and residents in the vicinity are exposed to high levels of SCl 1e3 DD/Fs, and that SCl 1e3 DD/Fs concentrations made up 77% of the SCl 1e8 DD/Fs serum concentrations (Park et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of the levels and particle size distribution of lower chlorinated dioxin/furans (mono- to tri-chlorinated homologues) with those of tetra- to octa-chlorinated homologues in atmospheric samples

et al. 2016

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h i g h l i g h t sSCl 1e3 DD/Fs accounted for 85% of SCl 1e8 DD/Fs in air samples. The mean concentration of SCl 1e3 DD/Fs was 5.4 times that of SCl 4e8 DD/Fs in the air. SCl 1e3 DD/Fs occurred mainly in the gas phase, and SCl 4e8 DD/Fs mainly in particles. SCl 1e3 DFs were the dominant form of SCl 1e3 DD/Fs in all particle size classes. t r a c tThere is very little information on the levels and particle size distributions of lower chlorinated dibenzop-dioxins and dibenzofurans (mono-to tri-CDD/Fs, SCl 1e3 DD/Fs) in the atmosphere, while a number of studies have examined tetra-to octa-chlorinated homologues (SCl 4e8 DD/Fs). In this study, we measured the concentration and particle size distribution of SCl 1e3 DD/Fs in ambient air in suburban Beijing and compared them with that of SCl 4e8 DD/Fs for the first time. The mean concentration of SCl 1e3 DD/Fs was 54.63 pg m À3 , which is about 5.4 times that of SCl 4e8 DD/Fs. The SCl 1e3 DD/Fs accounted for 85% of SCl 1 e8 DD/Fs, and MoCDFs made up the largest proportion (43%) of PCDD/F homologues. The SCl 1e3 DD/Fs mainly occurred in the gas phase, while the SCl 4e8 DD/Fs mainly occurred in the particulate phase. The majority of SCl 1e3 DD/Fs (70%) occurred in d ae > 1.0 mm particles, which is the reverse of the trend observed for SCl 4e8 DD/Fs, of which 78% occurred in d ae < 1.0 mm particles. The observed high concentrations of SCl 1e3 DD/Fs and different distribution patterns demonstrate that it is necessary to consider the lower chlorinated homologues to improve our understanding of the environmental behavior and health risk assessments of PCDD/Fs in the atmosphere.

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“…The usefulness of the in vitro test using postimplantation rat embryo culture to evaluate developmental toxicity of low levels of environmental chemicals was discussed. 2-Chlorodibenzofuran, a contaminant in chlorinated tap water, and selenium were found to be teratogenic using this in vitro test (21,22). The use of this in vitro culture of postimplantation embryos has several advantages: 1) it requires only small amounts of test chemicals; 2) embryotoxicity similar to that observed in vivo has been demonstrated for several chemicals; and 3) maternal toxicity is eliminated.…”

Section: Oecd Reproductive/developmental Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Subsequent studies examined when the testicular toxicity appeared and whether changes in spermatogenic endpoints could be detected. Testicular toxicity was detected on day 7 of treatment; effects on spermatogenic endpoints on day 14; and influence on fertility on day 21 (17), and complex shale oil mixtures (18).…”

Section: Oecd Reproductive/developmental Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fourth United States-Japan meeting on the toxicological characterization of environmental chemicals.

Damstra

Kurokawa

1993

Environ Health Perspect

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Developmental toxicity of 2-chlorodibenzofuran in cultured post-implantation rat embryos

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Mono- to Octachlorinated Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxin and Dibenzofuran Emissions from Sintering Plants Synergistically Controlled by the Desulfurization Process

Mono- to Octachlorinated Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxin and Dibenzofuran Emissions from Sintering Plants Synergistically Controlled by the Desulfurization Process

A comparison of the levels and particle size distribution of lower chlorinated dioxin/furans (mono- to tri-chlorinated homologues) with those of tetra- to octa-chlorinated homologues in atmospheric samples

The fourth United States-Japan meeting on the toxicological characterization of environmental chemicals.

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