Developments in CO2 research

Behles, Jacqueline A.; DeSimone, Joseph M.

doi:10.1351/pac200173081281

Cited by 37 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The mild temperature conditions (50 °C, 220 bar) are of special interest for these precursor compounds because the latter can be carboxylated before thermal degradation of the Cp ligands occurs. [35][36][37] whose crystal structure was refined based on XRPD data by the Rietveld method. [16] The overall yield of Ln 2 O 2 CN 2 obtained in four reaction steps based on Cp 3 Ln as starting material (Scheme 1) is > 25 mol %.…”

Section: Reactive Lanthanide Nitride Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Rare Earth (Oxo)nitridocarbonates by Employment of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide, Single‐source Precursor, Solid‐State, and Ion Exchange Reactions

Pagano

Zeuner

Baisch

et al. 2010

Zeitschrift anorg allge chemie

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Section: Reactive Lanthanide Nitride Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Rare Earth (Oxo)nitridocarbonates by Employment of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide, Single‐source Precursor, Solid‐State, and Ion Exchange Reactions

Pagano

Zeuner

Baisch

et al. 2010

Zeitschrift anorg allge chemie

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“…[ 29,32] Additionally, the deformation vibrations of N-H and O-C-N can be located at 1272, 1112, 859, and 695 cm -1 . [29,32] Heterogeneous Solid-Gas Reactivity of [Ce{N(SiMe 3 ) 2 } 3 ] Towards CO 2 The structure of Ce-BTMSA has been determined elsewhere [18] and revealed a mononuclear species with the Ce III ion in the center of the three BTMSA ligands (CN = 3). It has been shown that the central atom displays a disorder in the z direction, occupying two sites positioned above and below the plane formed by the ligand nitrogen atoms.…”

Section: Characterization Of Ammonium Carbamatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Novel methods to sufficiently activate CO 2 for an application in organic and inorganic solvent reactions have been reported emphasizing the potential of this compound in various processes. [7][8][9][10][11][12] We have discovered a novel approach for this "green" reagent as a pre-organized C/O donor in solid-state reactions for the synthesis of novel mixed N-containing lanthanide derivatives of carbonato compounds, which can be described as oxonitridocarbonates (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon Dioxide Fixation by Organolanthanides and Thermal Degradation into Amorphous and Higher Condensed Ln/O/C/N Solids

et al. 2006

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Ammine[tris(cyclopentadienyl)]‐, amido[bis(cyclopentadienyl)]lanthanides, and tris[bis(trimethylsilylamido)]cerium have been studied with respect to CO2 absorption under various reaction conditions. Subsequent thermal treatment of these complexes under gaseous and supercritical CO2 yielded new higher condensed lanthanide Ln/O/C/N solids. IR spectroscopic studies of the CO2‐activated species reveal the formation of various oxonitridocarbonates, in particular carbamates (O2CNH2–), imidocarbonates (O2CNH2–), isocyanates (OCN–), and carbonates (CO32–), which function as multidentate linkers between the lanthanide ions. Thereby, inorganic polymers are formed, which represent single‐source precursors for application in various deposition methods and can therefore be utilized as pre‐organized reagents in solid‐state chemistry. In this context, we report on the structural characterization of one of the molecular precursors [Cp3YbNH3] [reticular pseudomerohedral twin, P21/c, a = 826.8(2), b = 1103.8(2), c = 1482.0(3) pm, β = 101.60(3)°, Z = 4, V = 1309.0(5)·106 pm3]. Crystals of [Cp3YbNH3] appear red, orange, yellow, and dark green depending on the orientation under plane‐polarized light (pleochroism).(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)

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“…7 Moreover it is a well-established fact that CO 2 in its supercritical state can be a good solvent for many low molecular weight molecules. 7,8 Furthermore, CO 2 is inexpensive, nonflammable and environmentally benign. These properties of CO 2 in its supercritical state have motivated us to examine the feasibility of extracting porogens using SCCO2 treatment to form nanopores.…”

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confidence: 99%

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of porogens for the preparation of ultralow-dielectric-constant films

Rajagopalan

Lahlouh

Lubguban

et al. 2003

Applied Physics Letters

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Supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) extraction of a CO 2 -soluble poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) porogen from poly(methylsilsesquioxane) (PMSSQ) cured to temperatures adequate to initiate matrix condensation, but still below the decomposition temperature of the porogen is demonstrated to produce nanoporous, ultralow dielectric constant thin films. Both closed and open cell porous structures were prepared simply by varying the porogen load in the organic/inorganic hybrid films. The porogen loads investigated in the present work ranged from 25 -55 wt.%. Structural characterization of the samples conducted using transmission electron microscope (TEM), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms the successful extraction of the porogen from the PMSSQ matrix at relatively low temperatures (≤200 o C). The standard thermal decomposition process is performed at much higher temperatures (typically in the range of 400 o C-450 o C). The values of dielectric constants and refractive indices measured are in good agreement with the structural properties of these samples. SLAC-PUB-9990June 2003 Work supported in part by the Department of Energy contract DE-AC03-76SF00515. 2With the ever-growing demand for higher speed in computers, the feature dimensions of integrated circuits (IC) continue to shrink. As a consequence, narrower and thinner metal lines are being used in ICs and the spacing between the metal lines is also being reduced. The former increases the wiring resistance (R) whereas the latter increases the capacitance (C), resulting in an increase in the interconnect (RC) delay. In order to reduce R, copper is being used instead of aluminum for back-end-of-the-line (BEOL)wiring. In an effort to reduce the capacitance, the main focus of current research has been the development of suitable insulating materials with lower dielectric constants (k) than One promising class of low-k candidates is spin-on glasses, such as the organosilicate poly(methylsilsesquioxane) (PMSSQ), having an empirical formula (CH 3 -SiO 1.5 ) n . This material has an inherently low value of k, low moisture uptake, and excellent thermal stability up to 500 o C. 3 The k value can be further lowered by introducing nanoporosity through the incorporation and subsequent thermal degradation of pore generating organic materials, termed porogens, into the PMSSQ matrix. [4][5][6] However, there are some inherent disadvantages with the thermal degradation route to nanoporosity. The process window can be narrow since the porogen decomposition must occur below the glass transition (T g ) of the thermally stable phase (when plasticized with the porogen) so that the nanopores formed do not collapse. Since many organic polymers have relatively low T g s compared to their degradation temperatures, this processing constraint can lead to incomplete porogen decomposition often resulting in char formation. Therefore, it is of interest to develop a lower temperature process for the introduction of porosity. High...

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Developments in CO2 research

Cited by 37 publications

References 21 publications

Synthesis of Rare Earth (Oxo)nitridocarbonates by Employment of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide, Single‐source Precursor, Solid‐State, and Ion Exchange Reactions

Synthesis of Rare Earth (Oxo)nitridocarbonates by Employment of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide, Single‐source Precursor, Solid‐State, and Ion Exchange Reactions

Carbon Dioxide Fixation by Organolanthanides and Thermal Degradation into Amorphous and Higher Condensed Ln/O/C/N Solids

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of porogens for the preparation of ultralow-dielectric-constant films

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