1998
DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(98)80404-7
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Developments in Fischer-Tropsch technology

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Cited by 51 publications
(23 citation statements)
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“…Cobalt catalysts [1] seem to be a reasonable compromise for the synthesis of middle distillates and waxes. They are typically used in the low-temperature FT synthesis [2,3], which proceeds either in a multi-tubular fixed bed or in a slurry bubble column reactors at 493-513 K and at total syngas pressure of 20-30 bars. The low-temperature FT synthesis involves syngas with a high H 2 /CO ratio (∼2), which is generated from natural gas by vaporeforming, autothermal reforming or partial oxidation.…”
Section: Fischer-tropsch Synthesismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cobalt catalysts [1] seem to be a reasonable compromise for the synthesis of middle distillates and waxes. They are typically used in the low-temperature FT synthesis [2,3], which proceeds either in a multi-tubular fixed bed or in a slurry bubble column reactors at 493-513 K and at total syngas pressure of 20-30 bars. The low-temperature FT synthesis involves syngas with a high H 2 /CO ratio (∼2), which is generated from natural gas by vaporeforming, autothermal reforming or partial oxidation.…”
Section: Fischer-tropsch Synthesismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Figure 11 shows measured rise velocities of air bubbles of varying sizes in a column of 0.63 m diameter, which can be considered large enough for wall effects not to play a role. The bubble rise velocity can be described reasonably accurately by the Mendelson [48] equation: (2) where the superscript 0 is used to emphasise the fact that we are considering the rise velocity of a single, isolated bubble. For values of Eö > 40 (for air-water system, this corresponds to bubble sizes larger than 17 mm), Equation (2) simplifies to give the classic Davies and Taylor [49] relationship for spherical cap bubbles: This scale correction factor was determined empirically to be given by Collins [50] as follows: .…”
Section: The Rise Characteristics Of Single Gas Bubbles In a Liquidmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A careful examination of the published literature [1][2][3][4][5][6] shows that the viable reactor choices for a commercial process aimed at the production of relatively heavy hydrocarbon products are the multi-tubular fixed bed operating in the trickle flow regime (Fig. 1) and the bubble column slurry reactor (Fig.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These properties, along with a high cetane number, result in superior combustion characteristics (Jager, 1998 andAlleman andMcCormick, 2003). Tests performed on heavy duty trucks showed decreases in vehicle emissions of HC, CO, NOx, and PM when using a FT fuel (Haid, et al, 2000;Lutz, 2001).…”
Section: Environmental Performancementioning
confidence: 99%