Developments of GNSS buoy for a synthetic geohazard monitoring system

Kato, Teruyuki; Futamura, Akira

doi:10.2183/pjab.98.004

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Although sea surface monitoring in most of the sea area can be covered by satellite radar altimetry [ 2 ], satellite altimetry is not able to accurately give the height of the sea surface in near-shore areas due to factors such as geophysical factors and the response of the instrument hardware [ 3 , 4 ], resulting in a large monitoring gap area in near-shore areas. With the gradual development and maturity of GNSS technology, ocean buoys equipped with GNSS receivers have become an important observation platform in the field of marine scientific research [ 5 , 6 ]. They are designed to continuously collect marine environmental information such as changes in the sea surface altitude to support marine forecasting and marine disaster warning [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea Surface Height Measurements Based on Multi-Antenna GNSS Buoys

Xue,

Yang,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Sea level monitoring is an essential foundational project for studying global climate change and the rise in sea levels. Satellite radar altimeters, which can sometimes provide inaccurate sea surface height data near the coast, are affected by both the instrument itself and geophysical factors. Buoys equipped with GNSS receivers offer a relatively flexible deployment at sea, allowing for long-term, high-precision measurements of sea surface heights. When operating at sea, GNSS buoys undergo complex movements with multiple degrees of freedom. Attitude measurements are a crucial source of information for understanding the motion state of the buoy at sea, which is related to the buoy’s stability and reliability during its development. In this study, we designed and deployed a four-antenna GNSS buoy with both position and attitude measurement capabilities near Jimiya Wharf in Qingdao, China, to conduct offshore sea surface monitoring activities. The GNSS data were processed using the Precise Point Positioning (PPK) method to obtain a time series of sea surface heights, and the accuracy was evaluated using synchronous observation data from a small sea surface height radar. The difference between the GNSS buoy and the full-time radar was calculated, resulting in a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 1.15 cm. Concurrently, the attitude of the GNSS buoy was calculated using multi-antenna technology, and the vertical elevation of the GNSS buoy antenna was corrected using the obtained attitude data. The RMSE between the corrected GNSS buoy data and the high ground radar was 1.12 cm, indicating that the four-antenna GNSS buoy can not only acquire high-precision coastal sea level data but also achieve synchronous measurement of the buoy’s attitude. Furthermore, the data accuracy was also improved after the sea level attitude correction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea Surface Height Measurements Based on Multi-Antenna GNSS Buoys

Xue,

Yang,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Sensors

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“…Kato et al utilized a single-frequency real-time kinematic GPS receiver on a cylindrical buoy measuring 3.4 m in radius and 15 m in height, and weighing 15 tons for tsunami monitoring in waters 20 km offshore [12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of GNSS Buoy for Sea Surface Elevation Observation of Offshore Wind Farm

Liang,

Li,

Bao

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing

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This study presents the development and testing of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) buoy designed for measuring the sea surface elevation and tide level. The precision-point-positioning (PPP) technology is adopted for precise observation. The design of the buoy body is optimized by stability and hydrodynamic calculations. A high-performance embedded data acquisition system with big storage and high-frequency sampling is developed for long-term observation. The GNSS buoy is deployed in a wind farm approximately 70 km offshore of China, and undergoes a 60-day ocean test. A comparison of the sea level elevations obtained from the GNSS buoy and the pressure sensor shows that there is a strong correlation between them, with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. A harmonic analysis is applied to derive the harmonic constants for four key tidal components (M2, S2, O1, and K1). The amplitude differences are −1.2 cm, 1.4 cm, −0.6 cm, and −1.2 cm, respectively, and the phase differences are 1.8°, 2.2°, −1.3°, and −2.9°, respectively. The strong correlation between the measurements of the GNSS buoy and the pressure sensor and the relatively small differences of the amplitude and phase of the main tidal components indicate that the compact GNSS buoy demonstrates a capability to continuously measure the sea surface elevation and tide level with an elevation reference in the open sea.

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