Developments of Pulsed Electron Beam Sources for High-Power Microwave Applications

Xun, Tao; Zhao, Yili; Yang, Hanwu; Hu, Tianjiao; Zhang, Zicheng; Cheng, Xinbing; Zhang, Jun; Zhang, Jiande; Zhong, Hui-Huang

doi:10.1109/access.2020.2998088

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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Section: Other Design Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The design of the vacuum interface is very important to its normal operation, and one of the keys is to suppress the occurrence of flashover along the surface [35]. A ceramic liquid-vacuum interface [36][37][38], as shown in Figure 11, is used to improve the vacuum level within the electron diode and the HPM tube. The Al 2 O 3 ceramic disk is brazed to the outer stainless-steel flange, which has a knife-edge structure so that a metal O-ring can be used to seal the vacuum chamber.…”

Section: Other Design Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Repetitive Low Impedance High Power Microwave Driver

et al. 2022

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A low impedance high power microwave (HPM) driver is designed, which can be used in studying multi-gigawatt HPM devices such as the magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO), based on a helical pulse forming line (PFL) and the Tesla pulse transformer technology. The co-axial PFL is insulated by ethanol–water mixture, whose dielectric constant can be adjusted; and the helical line increases the output pulse width as well as the impedance to make a better match with the load. By the optimal combination of PFL charging voltage and output switch working voltage, the reliability of the PFL can be improved. The Tesla transformer has partial magnetic cores to increase the coupling coefficient and is connected like an autotransformer to increase the voltage step-up ratio. The primary capacitor of the transformer is charged by a high voltage constant current power supply and discharged by a triggered switch. A transmission line is installed between the PFL and the HPM load, to further increase the load voltage. A ceramic disk vacuum interface is used for improving the vacuum of the HPM tube. The experiments show that the driver can operate at 30 GW peak power, 75 ns pulse width and 5 Hz repetition rate.

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Section: Other Design Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Design Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Repetitive Low Impedance High Power Microwave Driver

et al. 2022

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“…The output pulse width was greater than 40 ns, and the equilibrium pressure was less than 5.0 × 10 −2 Pa. With the continuous development of pulsed-power technology, high-power microwave pulses have gradually changed from a single pulse to a repetitive pulse. Irrespective of the frequency band of the traditional microwave source, the microwave source chamber must maintain a high vacuum to avoid affecting the normal output, resulting in a shorter pulse duration and the closure of the anode and cathode (A-K) gap [14][15][16]. Due to the large volume and weight of the vacuum pump system, it cannot meet the practical application requirements of high-power microwave sources.…”

Section: Proposed Dynamic Pumping Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dynamic Pumping Model for a Vacuum-Sealed Gigawatt Repetitively Operated High-Power Microwave Source

et al. 2022

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In this study, a dynamic pumping model was established for a vacuum-sealed, gigawatt-class, repetitively operated transit-time oscillator (TTO) based on the direct-simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, and the pressure distribution of the model at different times and locations was analyzed. The simulation results showed that the maximum pressure at the diode was an order of magnitude larger than the equilibrium pressure, and the pressure recovery time was three times the duration of a single pulse. To verify the accuracy of the simulation results, experiments were conducted in a vacuum-sealed hard-tube TTO structure with a repetition rate of 10 Hz and the pressure was monitored at the vacuum diode. The diode voltage was about 500 kV and the beam current was 8 kA. Further, the average microwave power was 1 GW with a pulse width of 40 ns. The experimental results revealed that the equilibrium pressure at the vacuum diode was 4.0 × 10−3 Pa, and the pressure recovery time was three times the duration of a single pulse. These results were consistent with the simulation results, which indicates that the proposed model can provide technical support for subsequent vacuum-maintenance experiments.

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“…High-power microwaves (HPMs) refer to electromagnetic waves with power exceeding 100 MW and wavelengths ranging from 1 mm to 1 m. They are typically generated through the interaction between intense relativistic electron beams (IREBs) and microwaves in vacuum tubes [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]. Driven by scientific and industrial applications, C-band HPM sources have been rapidly developed in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Power Capacity in a Low-Magnetic Field and High-Efficiency Transit-Time Oscillator by a Double-Gap Extractor

Deng

Dang

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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With an increase in the input power of a low-magnetic field and high-efficiency transit-time oscillator, the deceleration electric field in the single-gap extractor increases sharply to output a higher-power microwave, resulting in radio frequency breakdown on the surface of the single-gap extractor. Thus, a doublegap extractor with an operating mode of π mode is introduced to reduce the electric field in this type of device. The double-gap extractor can extract electron energy in two stages and lengthen the deceleration distance. Therefore, the electron beam loses less energy at the same deceleration distance in the double-gap extractor, and a weaker deceleration electric field is generated in the double-gap extractor. Additionally, the modulation electric field in the device with a double-gap extractor is stronger for modulating electrons and can further increase the fundamental harmonic current, resulting in higher extraction efficiency. In simulations, the output power is 6.3 GW and the maximum electric field strength is 1.06 MV/cm in the initial model with a single-gap extractor. When the single-gap extractor is replaced by the double-gap extractor, the output power increases to 6.5 GW with a conversion efficiency of 40% and a guiding magnetic field of 0.6 T. The maximum electric field strength decreases to 817 kV/cm, indicating an enhancement in the power capacity of the device.INDEX TERMS High-power microwaves, transit-time oscillator, improved power capacity, deceleration electric field.

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Developments of Pulsed Electron Beam Sources for High-Power Microwave Applications

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

A Repetitive Low Impedance High Power Microwave Driver

A Repetitive Low Impedance High Power Microwave Driver

A Dynamic Pumping Model for a Vacuum-Sealed Gigawatt Repetitively Operated High-Power Microwave Source

Improved Power Capacity in a Low-Magnetic Field and High-Efficiency Transit-Time Oscillator by a Double-Gap Extractor

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