“…The vortex dynamics of CBS have been widely studied in theories and experiments [12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31]. According to the theory, the thermally activated flux flow (TAFF) resistivity is expressed as ρ = (2ν 0 LB/J) exp(−J c0 BV L/T ) sinh(JBV L/T ) [18,19,20,21,22], where ν 0 is an attempt frequency for a flux bundle hopping, L the hopping distance, B the magnetic induction, J the applied current density, J c0 the critical current density in the absence of flux creep, V the bundle volume, and T the temperature.…”