Deviations in human gut microbiota: a novel diagnostic test for determining dysbiosis in patients with IBS or IBD

Casèn, Christina; Vebø, Heidi; Sekelja, Monika; Hegge, Finn Terje; Karlsson, M. K.; Ciemniejewska, Ewa; Dzankovic, S.; Frøyland, C.; Nestestog, Ragnhild; Engstrand, Lars; Munkholm, Pia; Nielsen, Ole Haagen; Rogler, Gerhard; Simrén, Magnus; Öhman, Lena; Vatn, Morten H.; Rudi, Knut

doi:10.1111/apt.13236

Cited by 242 publications

(291 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…IBS patients express an instability in microbiota composition that may be temporary or permanent and using DNA probing a reduced microbiota diversity can be demonstrated in more than 70% of individuals. 57 Ten of 50 known bacterial phyla have been discovered in the human gut. Most bacteria belong to the 2 largest phyla, Firmicutes (i.e.…”

Section: Colonization In Early Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

Irritable bowel syndrome, the microbiota and the gut-brain axis

Raskov¹,

et al. 2016

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Irritable bowel syndrome is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder and it is now evident that irritable bowel syndrome is a multi-factorial complex of changes in microbiota and immunology. The bidirectional neurohumoral integrated communication between the microbiota and the autonomous nervous system is called the gut-brain-axis, which integrates brain and GI functions, such as gut motility, appetite and weight. The gut-brain-axis has a central function in the perpetuation of irritable bowel syndrome and the microbiota plays a critical role. The purpose of this article is to review recent research concerning the epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome, influence of microbiota, probiota, gut-brainaxis, and possible treatment modalities on irritable bowel syndrome. The integrated actions and communication between the microbiota and the autonomous nervous system are central players in the perpetuation of IBS symptoms. This signaling pathway is called the GutBrain Axis (GBA). The GBA is a bidirectional neurohumoral communication system that integrates brain and GI functions, such as gut motility, appetite and weightand here the microbiota plays a critical role. 2Changes in gastrointestinal or central nervous system physiology may result in an altered habitat, which again may cause changes in the composition of the microbiota.Disruption of the physiologic symbiotic relationship (eubiosis) between the human host and the microbiota is called dysbiosis and is regarded a basic factor for initiating and maintaining IBS in the majority of patients. Current evidence has suggested that the dysbiosis observed in IBS and the resulting immunological response may drive and perpetuate gastrointestinal symptoms of IBS suggesting that IBS is in fact a disorder of the microbiota and the GBA. It is unclear whether the initiating factor is brain abnormalities that drive the gut changes or if changes in the gut alter brain function through vagal and sympathetic pathways.3,4 The purpose of this article is to review recent research concerning the influence of microbiota and gut-brain-axis on IBS. IBSIt is estimated that approximately 10% of the World population and 15% of the population in the Western World suffer from IBS characterized by a mixture of recurrent abdominal pain, bloating, changing stool consistency such as diarrhea (IBS-D), constipation (IBS-C), or interchanging diarrhea and constipation (mixed-type or IBS-M), mucus secretion, and nausea. 5,6 Community-based data indicate that IBS-M is the most prevalent type followed by IBS-D and IBS-C and that switching among subtypes occurs. Bloating is the most prevalent symptom reported by 96% of patients with IBS of whatever subgroup. 7 In addition to abdominal symptoms, poor sleep, headache, CONTACT Hans Raskov raskov@mail.dk Lundevangsvej 23, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark. Color versions of one or more of the figures in the article can be found online at www.tandfonline.com/kgmi.

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Section: Colonization In Early Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

Irritable bowel syndrome, the microbiota and the gut-brain axis

Raskov¹,

et al. 2016

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“…Diseases and disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome, are associated with patients who have both a normal and dysbiotic gut microbiota [105]. Recent evidence suggests that the effect of dietary interventions on irritable bowel syndrome is dependent on the degree of dysbiosis [106].…”

Section: Personalized Use Of Probiotics and Prebioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of the gut microbiota by prebiotic fibres and bacteriocins

Umu

Rudi

Diep

2017

Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease

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The gut microbiota is considered an organ that co-develops with the host throughout its life. The composition and metabolic activities of the gut microbiota are subject to a complex interplay between the host genetics and environmental factors, such as lifestyle, diet, stress and antimicrobials. It is evident that certain prebiotics, and antimicrobials produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), can shape the composition of the gut microbiota and its metabolic activities to promote host health and/or prevent diseases. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the impact of prebiotic fibres, and bacteriocins from LAB, on the gut microbiota and its activities, which affect the physiology and health of the host. These represent two different mechanisms in modulating the gut microbiota, the first involving exploitative competition by which the growth of beneficial bacteria is promoted and the latter involving interference competition by which the growth of pathogens and other unwanted bacteria is prevented. For interference competition in the gut, bacteriocins offer special advantages over traditional antibiotics, in that they can be designed to act towards specific unwanted bacteria and other pathogens, without any remarkable collateral effects on beneficial microbes sharing the same niche.

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“…Early summaries of previous investigations to characterize the intestinal microbiota in IBS [10] have listed individual bacterial species to be either increased in abundance (such as Lactobacillus, Veillonella , and Enterobacteriaceae ), or decreased ( Bifidobacterium, Clostridium ) in comparison to that of healthy controls, or of patients with other, for example, somatic disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) [11]. However, if the investigations were based on culturing techniques, then they are regarded as less reliable.…”

Section: Microbiota Assessment In Ibsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysbiosis in Functional Bowel Disorders

Enck¹,

Mazurak²

2018

Ann Nutr Metab

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Functional bowel disorders (FBD) resemble a group of diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that are without a clear pathogenesis; the best known is probably the “irritable bowel syndrome” (IBS). Only recently we have been able to explore the role of the gut microbiota in FBD due to progress in microbiological analytic techniques. There are different ways to explore the role of the gut microbiota and its dysbiosis in FBD. Comparison of the microbial composition in a group of patients with FBD, for example, with IBS to a group of healthy volunteers is one way. Studies have shown that the microbiota in FBD is different from that of healthy controls, but the recorded differences are not necessarily specific for FBD, they may also occur in other diseases. Another approach to explore the role of the gut microbiota in FBD is to challenge the existing “flora” with novel bacteria (probiotics) or with nutritional substrates that stimulate bacterial growth (prebiotics). More than 60 such trials including several thousand patients have been performed in IBS. These studies have produced mixed outcome: some probiotics appear to be better than others, and some appear to work only for a part of the IBS symptoms and not for all. An extreme form of this approach is the transfer of an entire microbiota from 1 healthy person to another, called fecal microbiota transplantation. This has rarely been tested in FBD but is not without risk in benign disorders.

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Deviations in human gut microbiota: a novel diagnostic test for determining dysbiosis in patients with IBS or IBD

Cited by 242 publications

References 38 publications

Irritable bowel syndrome, the microbiota and the gut-brain axis

Irritable bowel syndrome, the microbiota and the gut-brain axis

Modulation of the gut microbiota by prebiotic fibres and bacteriocins

Dysbiosis in Functional Bowel Disorders

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